6. Here is a typical pueblo room with a small storage bin in the rear. The metate (meh-TAH-tay) and mano (mah-no) in the background were used by the Indians to grind corn. Often two or three metates, with manos for each, are found in one room. This does not mean the room was used for grinding purposes only. As is often the case today among Pueblo Indians, the three metates are all made from rocks with different degrees of coarseness. Coarse metates were used for preliminary grinding and fine-grained ones for final grinding. Centered in the floor of this room is a small, rectangular, stone-lined firepit which was used for both heating and cooking. 7. Ventilator. The long stone-lined channel, as at Stake No. 5, was used as a ventilator, the opening being at floor level in the cliff wall to your right. The upright slab of stone at the end of the ventilator trench deflected the incoming air so that the draft would not pass directly across the firepit, which was usually situated in the center of the room or work area. This means of ventilation was not generally used by the Sinagua Indians, having been adopted from the neighboring Anasazi, with whom they had very close contact in this area. 8. “Amphitheater.” From this vantage point is a good view of the “amphitheater” or “dance plaza.” This circular depression resembles in many ways the large ceremonial structures (kivas) of the neighboring Anasazi. There is no indication that it was ever roofed, and the ceremonial features normally found in a kiva are lacking. For this reason there is doubt as to the exact functions of this structure, which is unique within the Sinagua culture area. [Illustration: _In the foreground is a collapsed wall that fell intact._] 9. Unexcavated room. This is how the ruin looked prior to excavation. As you pass through this section of rubble notice how large sections of the walls fell intact, with individual stones still retaining their original relative positions. The walls were probably two stories high at this point. Archeologists uncovered a quantity of material by carefully excavating such rubble as this. The more fragile material on the floor, such as pottery, was in most cases crushed or scattered by falling rocks when the ceilings or walls collapsed. Because the excavators saved all fragments of pottery resting on the floor, they were able to restore many of the broken vessels, some of which exhibit beautiful designs in black on a white background. 10. Step into this room. You will see bins on the upper right which were used for storage. The doorway to the rear is not prehistoric, the room having been remodeled and occupied by a sheepherder about 1880. 11. Ball court. Looking down about 150 yards (137m) you will see an oval masonry ring. This is a ball court, one of several in this area, the northernmost ones that have been discovered. In southern Arizona and all through Mexico and Central America ball courts are fairly common.