Christian sociology; Great Britain -- Social conditions; Poor -- Great Britain; Working class -- Great Britain
It is argued against this that the miners would be able to dictate
their own terms to the rest of the community, but this difficulty is
more apparent than real, because each industry is really dependent on
the others, and that fact would prevent the one industry from striving
to exploit the others. Exploitation, moreover, would not enter in,
because, once industry was organised on these lines, there would be
more than sufficient for all. We must all realise that the nineteenth
century, with its enormous development of machinery and scientific
invention, has settled the question of production. We can produce all
we desire. It remains for the twentieth century to find an equitable
method of distribution. Incidentally, in the case of mines, another
question would be settled. Coal-mining is an industry in which the
wages of those engaged vary considerably. It is true that a minimum
wage of a sort has been fixed for the whole country, but there is great
discrepancy in the maximum amounts that miners can earn. Coal-mining
is coal-mining wherever it is carried on, but the fact that there are
thick seams in some parts of the country and thin seams in others,
added to the fact that there are different methods of working, tends to
bring about variations of remuneration. Now, in the guild system, when
all share alike, methods would be improved, and the natural value of
one mine would be matched against the lesser value of another mine, and
the workers and the community between them would thus secure all the
advantages which the possession of minerals gives to the land.
There is the further fact that in this particular industry, as is
well known, many more labour-saving devices would be employed and
better arrangements for preventing accidents would be adopted if the
industry were organised as a social service on co-operative lines.
It is the profit- and dividend-making business which prevents these
matters from being dealt with. It may be urged that labour-saving
machinery introduced into the mines would necessitate people being
discharged, but this would not be so. Instead of discharging workpeople
the guild would reduce the hours of labour of all the workers in the
industry--which is the true use to which machinery should be put.
Machinery is only of service to the community when it is used to lessen
labour or to give a better supply of the things needed by the nation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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