AMS Press, Inc.: Two three-line poems from page 75 of Diaries of Court Ladies of Old Japan; Doubleday & Company, Inc.: Eight Haiku poems from An Introduction to Haiku by Harold G. Henderson. Copyright (C) 1958 by Harold G. Henderson; The Hokuseido Press Co. Ltd.: Poem on page 35 of The Kobin Waka-Shu, translated by H. H. Honda. Poem on page 82 of History of Haiku, Vol. II by R. H. Blyth; Penguin Books Ltd.: A tanka from 'Ise Monogatari' by Ariwara Narihira. Reprinted from page 71 of The Penguin Book of Japanese Verse, translated by Geoffrey Bownas and Anthony Thwaite (1964). Copyright (C) 1974 by Geoffrey Bownas and Anthony Thwaite; Shambala Publications, Inc. (Berkeley, California): Poems on pages 15 and 18 of The Sutra of Hui-Neng; Stanford University Press: Poem on page 91 of An Introduction to Japanese Court Poetry by Earl Miner; Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.: Three lines of verse from page 130 of The Noh Drama; University of California Press: Four-line Haiku poem from page 104 of The Year of My Life: A Translation of Issa's Oraga Haru, translated by Nobuyuki Yuasa. Copyright (C) I960, 1972 by The Regents of the University of California. Acknowledgments THE AUTHOR'S THANKS go to Anne Freedgood for editing the manuscript and for her many helpful suggestions; to Professor Ronald F. Miller for critical advice on things Western, ranging from art to aesthetics; to Professor Gary D. Prideaux for introducing the author to both Japan and Japanese linguistics; to Tatsuo and Kiyoko Ishimoto for assistance in interpreting Japanese architecture; and to others who have graciously reviewed the manuscript at various stages and provided helpful suggestions, including Julie Hoover, Lynn Grifo, Anna Stern and Ellen O'Hara. I am also grateful for guidance from Professors Shigeru Matsugami and Takashi Yoshida, formerly of Tottori University, and from the garden artist Masaaki Ueshima. The insights of yet others, lost in years of questioning and research, are acknowledged here in spirit if not, unfortunately, in name. Japanese Chronology JOMON CULTURE (2000 B.C. [?]-ca. 300 B.C. ) YAYOI PERIOD (ca. 300 B.c-ca. A.D. 300) MOUND TOMB ERA (ca. A.D. 300-552) ASUKA PERIOD (552-645) Buddhism introduced (552) Chinese government and institutions copied EARLY NARA PERIOD (645-710) LATE NARA PERIOD (710-794) Japan ruled from replica of Chinese capital of Ch'ang-an built at Nara (710) Bronze Buddha largest in world dedicated at Nara (752) Compilation of early poetry anthology Manyoshu (780) Scholarly Buddhist sects dominate Nara HEIAN PERIOD (794-1185) Capital established at Heian-kyo (Kyoto) (794) Saicho (767-822) introduces Tendai Buddhism from China (806) Kukai (774-835) introduces Shingon Buddhism from China (808) Last mission to Tang court ends direct Chinese influence (838) Tale of Genji written by Lady Murasaki (ca. 1002-1019) Honen (1133-1212) founds Pure Land, or Jodo, sect (1175)