Zuñi Fetiches: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 3-45 — John Shaqi
Zuñi Fetiches: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 3-45Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Religion
Zuñi Fetiches: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 3-45
The fetich worship of the Zuñis naturally reaches its highest and most
interesting development in its relationship to the chase, for the
We-ma-á-hâ-i are considered _par excellence_ the gods of the hunt. Of
this class of fetiches, the special priests are the members of the
"Great Coyote People" (Sá-ni-a-k'ia-kwe, or the Hunting Order), their
keepers, the chosen members of the Eagle and Coyote gentes and of the
Prey Brother priesthood.
The fetiches in question (Plate III) represent, with two exceptions, the
same species of prey animals as those supposed to guard the six regions.
These exceptions are, the Coyote (Sús-ki, Plate III, Fig. 2), which
replaces the Black Bear of the West, and the Wild Cat (Té-pi, Plate III,
Fig. 3), which takes the place of the Badger of the South.
In the prayer-songs of the Sá-ni-a-kía-kwe, the names of all of these
prey gods are, with two exceptions, given in the language of the Rio
Grande Indians. This is probably one of the many devices for securing
greater secrecy, and rendering the ceremonials of the Hunter Society
mysterious to other than members. The exceptions are, the Coyote, or
Hunter god of the West, known by the archaic name of Thlä′-k'iä-tchu,
instead of by its ordinary name of Sús-ki, and the Prey Mole or god of
the Lower regions (Plate III, Fig. 5), which is named Maí-tu-pu, also
archaic, instead of K'iä′-lu-tsi. Yet in most of the prayer and
ritualistic recitals of this order all of these gods are spoken of by
the names which distinguish them in the other orders of the tribe.
[Illustration: PREY GOD FETICHES OF THE HUNT.]
THEIR ORIGIN.
While all the prey gods of the hunt are supposed to have functions
differing both from those of the six regions and those of the Priesthood
of the Bow, spoken of further on, they are yet referred, like those of
the first class, to special divisions of the world. In explanation of
this, however, quite another myth is given. This myth, like the first,
is derived from the epic before referred to, and occurs in the latter
third of the long recital, where it pictures the tribes of the Zuñis,
under the guidance of the Two Children, and the Kâ′-kâ at
Kó-thlu-ël-lon-ne, now a marsh-bordered lagune situated on the eastern
shore of the Colorado Chiquito, about fifteen miles north and west from
the pueblo of San Juan, Arizona, and nearly opposite the mouth of the
Rio Concho. This lagune is probably formed in the basin or crater of
some extinct geyser or volcanic spring, as the two high and wonderfully
similar mountains on either side are identical in formation with those
in which occur the cave-craters farther south on the same river. It has,
however, been largely filled in by the _débris_ brought down by the Zuñi
River, which here joins the Colorado Chiquito. Kó-thlu-ël-lon signifies
the "standing place (city) of the Kâ′-kâ" (from _Kâ_=a contraction of
Kâ′-kâ, the sacred dance, and _thlu-ël-lon_=standing place).
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ANIMALS.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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