سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَ مَوْلَاهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ ضَرِيبَةً فَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فَرَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ الْمَوْلَى وَ رَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فَأَصَابَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مَالًا سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُعْطِي مَوْلَاهُ مِنَ الضَّرِيبَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ مَا كَانَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فَمَا اكْتَسَبَ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ فَرَائِضَ فَإِذَا أَدَّوْهَا إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُمْ عَمَّا سِوَاهَا قُلْتُ لَهُ فَمَا تَرَى لِلْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبَ وَ يُعْتِقَ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَاجِبٌ ذَلِكَ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكاً مِمَّا اكْتَسَبَ سِوَى الْفَرِيضَةِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ وَلَاءُ الْمُعْتَقِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَذْهَبُ فَيَتَوَالَى إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَ عَقْلَهُ كَانَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ وَرِثَهُ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ فَقَالَ هَذَا سَائِبَةٌ لَا يَكُونُ وَلَاؤُهُ لِعَبْدٍ مِثْلِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ضَمِنَ الْعَبْدُ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَ حَدَثَهُ أَ يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ وَ يَكُونُ مَوْلَاهُ وَ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يَرِثُ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً.
Translation
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether, from Ibn Mahboub, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah<sup>asws</sup> about a man who intended to emancipated an owned slave of his, and his master had taken from him his earnings, which he had enforced upon him during every year. The master was pleased with that, and the slave was pleased with that. So the slave achieved wealth in his business besides what he used to give to his master, from the earning. So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘When he has paid off to his master what was necessitated upon him, so whatever he achieved after the enforcement, so it is for the slave’. Then Abu Abdullah<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘Is it not that Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic has Obligated the Obligations upon the servants. So when they fulfill these to Him<sup>azwj</sup>, He<sup>azwj</sup> does not Question them about what is besides that’. I said, ‘So what is your<sup>asws</sup> view, is it for the slave if he were to give in charity from what he earns, and he emancipates (a slave) after the enforced (amount) which he used to pay to his master?’ He<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘Yes, that (payment) is Obligated upon him’. I said, ‘So if the slave were to emancipate (a slave) from what he has earned besides the enforced (payment), so for whom would be the guardianship of the emancipated slave?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘He would go and give his guardianship to the one he so likes to. So when he takes the responsibility of his crimes, and his intellect, he would be his master, and would inherit him’. I said to him<sup>asws</sup>, ‘Did not Rasool-Allah<sup>saww</sup> say: ‘The guardianship is for the one who emancipates?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘He is an emancipated slave, his guardianship does not happen to be for a slave like him’. I said, ‘Supposing the slave were to take the responsibility for the one who emancipated him, for his crimes, and his actions, would that necessitate him, and he would become his master and inherit him?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘That is not allowed, and a slave would not inherit a free man’.
Compiled by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Source
License: Free for educational and research use (Thaqalayn Data API)
Provided for research and educational purposes. Original source: Thaqalayn Project. Open License.