قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا وَ أَخَوَاتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ لَا يُنْقَصُ الزَّوْجُ مِنَ النِّصْفِ وَ لَا الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِمْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَإِنْ كانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلَهَا السُّدُسُ وَ الَّذِي عَنَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ إِنْ كانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ خَاصَّةً وَ قَالَ فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ يَعْنِي أُخْتاً لِأُمٍّ وَ أَبٍ أَوْ أُخْتاً لِأَبٍ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَها وَلَدٌ... وَ إِنْ كانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجالًا وَ نِساءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ وَ كَذَلِكَ أَوْلَادُهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ أُخْتَيْهَا لِأَبِيهَا كَانَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ الْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ لِلْأَبِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ فَهُوَ لَهَا لِأَنَّ الْأُخْتَيْنِ لِأَبٍ لَوْ كَانَتَا أَخَوَيْنِ لِأَبٍ لَمْ يُزَادَا عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ أَوْ كَانَ مَكَانَ الْوَاحِدَةِ أَخٌ لَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ وَ لَا يُزَادُ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ وَ لَا مِنَ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى مَا لَوْ كَانَ ذَكَراً لَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَيْهِ .
Translation
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, altogether from Umar Bin Azina, from Bukeyr Bin Ayyn who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah<sup>asws</sup>, ‘A woman left her husband and her brother from her mother, and her brothers and sisters from her father’. So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘For her husband is the half, being three shares; and for the brothers from the mother is the third, the males and the females being equal in it; and the remaining share, so it is for the brothers and the sister from the father, for the males being a share like the two females, because in the (legislated) shares, there is no deficiency, and the husband would not be reduced from the half, nor the sisters from the mother from their third, because Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic is Saying <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:4#h12"><a href="/books/quran:4#h12">[4:12]</a></a> but if they are more than that, they shall be sharers in the third </span>even if it was one, so for her would be a sixth. And what Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Blessed and High Means by His<sup>azwj</sup> Words, and if there was a man was inherited by a ‘<span class="iTxt">Kalala</span>’ (one who is neither with a child nor a parent), or a woman, and for him is a brother or a sister, so for each one from them is the one-sixth. So if there were to be more than that, so they are participants in the third. But rather, what is Meant by that is the brothers and the sister from the mothers in particular. And He<sup>azwj</sup> Said at the end of <span class="iTxt">Surah Nisa </span>(Chapter 4) <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:4#h176"><a href="/books/quran:4#h176">[4:176]</a></a> Say: Allah Gives you a Verdict concerning the person who has neither parents nor offspring</span>. If a person died and there is no a child for him, and for him is a sister, meaning sisters from a father and a mother, or sister from a father, so for her is half of what is left, and he would inherit her if there does not happen to be a child for her. And if there were brethren, men and women, so for the male would be like of two females. So they are the ones who are increased and decreased, and similar to that is for their child who are increasing and decreasing, and even if a woman were to leaves her husband, and her brothers from her mother, and two sisters from her father, for the husband would be the half, being three shares, and for the brother from the mother, being two shares, and the remaining one share, so it is for the two sisters of the father, even if she was only one, so it is for her, because the two sisters from a father, if they were two brothers, they would not be increased over what remains, even if she was one, or there was in the place of one of her, a brother, he would not be increased over what remains, nor would there be any increase for the female from the sister, nor from the child over what was a male, it would not be increased upon him’.
Compiled by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Source
License: Free for educational and research use (Thaqalayn Data API)
Provided for research and educational purposes. Original source: Thaqalayn Project. Open License.