A Moslem seeker after God : $b showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh century — Al-Ghazali — John Shaqi
A Moslem seeker after God : $b showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh century
Al-Ghazali · en
“The people of Khorasan,” says Chenery, “were renowned for their
stinginess, and it is not surprising that the inhabitants of the mother
town were said to excel in it all the rest of the world. Witness the
story, related in Saʾadi’s Gulistan, if I remember well, of the merchant
of Merv, who would not allow his son to eat cheese, but made him rub his
bread against the glass cover under which it was kept.”
To prove the stupidity of the Khorasanis to-day, Major P. M. Sykes[19]
tells a story of three Persians who met and were all praising their own
provinces. The Kermani said, “Kerman produces fruit of seven colours.”
The Shirazi continued, “The waters of Ruknabad issue from the very rock.”
But the poor Khorasani could only say, “From Khorasan come all the fools
like myself.”
Yet Khorasan, in the words of Hujwiri, was that land “where the shadow
of God’s favour rested,” as regards the teaching of the Mystics. He
mentions nine leading Sufis who belong to Khorasan, and taught there
before Al-Ghazali’s day, all of them distinguished for the “sublimity of
their aspiration, the eloquence of their discourse, and the sagacity of
their intelligence.” He then goes on to say: “It would be difficult to
mention all the sheikhs of Khorasan. I have met three hundred in that
province alone who had such mystical endowments that a single man of them
would have been enough for the whole world. This is due to the fact that
the sun of love and the fortune of the Sufi Path is in the ascendant in
Khorasan.”[20]
In view of such statements it is clear that Al-Ghazali owed much to his
environment as well as to his own genius. He did not originate mysticism,
but used what his predecessors had already written on the subject. The
very chapter headings of _Kashf al-Mahjub_ are the same as those found in
Al-Ghazali’s books on mysticism.
According to Murtadha (who follows As-Subqi), Al-Ghazali’s full name was
Abu Hamid Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Mohammed at-Tusi al-Ghazali, and he
was born at Tus in the year of the Hegira 450 (A. D. 1058). In regard
to his name, it is related that others before him had the peculiarity
of the family name three times repeated. “Ibn-Kutaibah states that
Abu’l-Bakhtari’s name was Wahb b. Wahb b. Wahb, the same name thrice in
one continuation; and that similar to this among the names of the Persian
kings was that of Bahram b. Bahram b. Bahram; among the Talibis (the
descendants of Abu-Talib) that of Hasan b. Hasan b. Hasan, and among
the Ghassan that of al-Harith the junior b. al-Harith and the senior b.
al-Harith.”[21]