connection with medicine and with the Macedonian court explains largely both the predominantly biological cast of Aristotle’s philosophical thought and the intense dislike of "princes" and courts to which he more than once gives expression. At the age of eighteen, in 367-6, Aristotle was sent to Athens for "higher" education in philosophy and science, and entered the famous Platonic Academy, where he remained as a member of the scientific group gathered round the master for twenty years, until Plato’s death in 347-6. For the three years immediately following Aristotle was in Asia Minor with his friend and fellow-student Hermeias, who had become by force of sheer capacity monarch of the city of Atarneus in the Troad, and was maintaining himself with much energy against the Persian king. Pythias, the niece of Hermeias, became the philosopher’s wife, and it seems that the marriage was happy. Examination of Aristotle’s contributions to marine biology has shown that his knowledge of the subject is specially good for the Aeolic coast and the shores of the adjacent islands. This throws light on his occupations during his residence with Hermeias, and suggests that Plato had discerned the bent of his distinguished pupil’s mind, and that his special share in the researches of the Academy had, like that of Speusippus, Plato’s nephew and successor in the headship of the school, been largely of a biological kind. We also know that, presumably shortly after Plato’s death, Aristotle had been one of the group of disciples who edited their teacher’s unpublished lectures. In 343 Hermeias was assassinated at the instigation of Persia; Aristotle honoured his memory by a hymn setting forth the godlikeness of virtue as illustrated by the life of his friend. Aristotle now removed to the Macedonian court, where he received the position of tutor to the Crown Prince, afterwards Alexander the Great, at this time (343 B.C.) a boy of thirteen. The association of the great philosopher and the great king as tutor and pupil has naturally struck the imagination of later ages; even in Plutarch’s _Life of Alexander_ we meet already with the full-blown legend of the influence of Aristotle’s philosophical speculations on Alexander. It is, however, improbable that Aristotle’s influence counted for much in forming the character of Alexander. Aristotle’s dislike of monarchies and their accessories is written large on many a page of his _Ethics_ and _Politics_; the small self-contained city-state with no political ambitions for which he reserves his admiration would have seemed a mere relic of antiquity to Philip and Alexander. The only piece of contemporary evidence as to the relations between the master and the pupil is a sentence in a letter to the young Alexander from the Athenian publicist Isocrates who maliciously congratulates the prince on his preference for "rhetoric," the art of efficient public speech, and