The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06: (From Barbarossa to Dante)
Dante Alighieri · en
Saladin may have been neither a saint nor a hero; but it cannot be
denied that his temper was less fierce and his language more generous
than that of the Christians who under Godfrey had deluged the city
with blood. He had no wish, he said, so to defile a place hallowed by
its associations for Moslems as well as Christians, and if the city
were surrendered, he pledged himself not merely to furnish the
inhabitants with the money which they might need, but even to provide
them with new homes in Syria. But superstition and obstinacy are to
all intents and purposes words of the same meaning. The offer,
honorable to him who made and carrying no ignominy to those who might
accept it, was rejected, and Saladin made a vow that entering the city
as an armed conqueror he would offer up within it a sacrifice as awful
as that by which the crusaders had celebrated their loathsome triumph.
Most happily for others, most nobly for himself, he failed to keep
this vow to the letter.
Fourteen days sufficed to bring the siege to an end. The Christians
had done what they could to destroy the military engines of their
enemies; the golden ornaments of the churches had been melted down and
turned into money; but no solid advantage was gained by all their
efforts. The conviction of the Christian that death brought salvation
to the champions of the cross, the assurance of the Moslem that to
those who fell fighting for the creed of Islam the gates of paradise
were at once opened, only added to the desperation of the combatants
and to the fearfulness of the carnage. At length the besieged
discovered that the walls near the gate of St. Stephen had been
undermined, and at once they abandoned all hope of safety except from
miraculous intervention. Clergy and laity crowded into the churches,
their fears quickened by the knowledge that the Greeks within the city
were treating with the enemy.
The remembrance of Saladin's offer now came back with more persuasive
power; but to the envoys whom they sent the stern answer was returned
that he was under a vow to deal with the Christians as Godfrey and his
fellows had dealt with the Saracens. Yet, conscious or unconscious of
the inconsistency of his words with the oath which he professed to
have sworn, he promised them his mercy if they would at once surrender
the city. The besieged resolved to trust the word of the conqueror, as
they could not resist his power. The agreement was made that the
nobles and fighting men should be taken to Tyre, which still held out
under Conrad; that the Latin inhabitants should be redeemed at the
rate of ten crowns of gold for each man, five for each woman, one for
each child; and that failing this ransom, they should remain slaves.
On the sick and the helpless he waged no war; and although the Knights
of the Hospital were among the most determined of his enemies, he
would allow their brethren to remain for a year in their attendance on
the sufferers who could not be moved away.