Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe — Dante Alighieri — John Shaqi
Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe
Dante Alighieri · en
Of course, the poetry we see in nature is due to the emotion the
spectacle produces in us; the life of nature might be as romantic and
sublime as it chose, it would be dust and ashes to us if there were
nothing sublime and romantic in ourselves to be stirred by it to
sympathy. But our emotion may be ingenuous; it may be concerned with
what nature really is and does, has been and will do for ever. It need
not arise from a selfish preoccupation with what these immense realities
involve for our own persons or may be used to suggest to our
self-indulgent fancy. No, the poetry of nature may be discerned merely
by the power of intuition which it awakens and the understanding which
it employs. These faculties, more, I should say, than our moodiness or
stuffy dreams, draw taut the strings of the soul, and bring out her full
vitality and music. Naturalism is a philosophy of observation, and of an
imagination that extends the observable; all the sights and sounds of
nature enter into it, and lend it their directness, pungency, and
coercive stress. At the same time, naturalism is an intellectual
philosophy; it divines substance behind appearance, continuity behind
change, law behind fortune. It therefore attaches all those sights and
sounds to a hidden background that connects and explains them. So
understood, nature has depth as well as surface, force and necessity as
well as sensuous variety. Before the sublimity of this insight, all
forms of the pathetic fallacy seem cheap and artificial. Mythology, that
to a childish mind is the only possible poetry, sounds like bad rhetoric
in comparison. The naturalistic poet abandons fairy land, because he has
discovered nature, history, the actual passions of man. His imagination
has reached maturity; its pleasure is to dominate, not to play.
Poetic dominion over things as they are is seen best in Shakespeare for
the ways of men, and in Lucretius for the ways of nature. Unapproachably
vivid, relentless, direct in detail, he is unflinchingly grand and
serious in his grouping of the facts. It is the truth that absorbs him
and carries him along. He wishes us to be convinced and sobered by the
fact, by the overwhelming evidence of thing after thing, raining down
upon us, all bearing witness with one voice to the nature of the world.