(_γ_) Point of departure an external occurrence either in personal experience or that of others. Element of narrative as in songs of Anacreon] (_c_) The external culture condition of the Lyric. [(_α_) Different from that of Epic. Not limited to one particular epoch, but exceptionally displayed in modern times. Folk-songs and the lyric poem (_β_) Possesses a power of free expansion into all kinds of subject-matter, a free recognition of imaginative conception no less than artistic activity (_γ_) The philosophical lyric poem. A false and a genuine style compared. Schiller's poetry] 2. Particular aspects of the Lyric (a) The lyric poet [(_α_) The poet himself supplies the principle of combination. He is the focus of unity 214 (_β_) Spontaneity of result. Sings because he cannot help it. His object himself. Self-respect. Pindar and Klopstock (_γ_) Creative in dealing with personal experience. Goethe a fine example] (_b_) The lyric work of art [(_α_) The unity of the Lyric. Springs from memory or vivid association of poet. The formal unity of self-conscious life. Mood must be defined in its concreteness, not tend too much to generalization (_β_) Nature of the progressive disclosure of content. The principle of the Lyric is assimilation. Poems limited to local description. Mainly a definition of emotional forces made vital in objects as seen by the "inward eye." Episodes permissible. Passionate intensity in its freedom (_γ_) External form of the Lyric. Variety of metres. Varied use of caesura. Strophes which admit of much alternation, both as to length of line, and their rhythmic structure. Musical sound of words and syllables. Free use of assonance, alliteration and rhyme, especially the diversified use of last-mentioned. Association with musical accompaniment] (_c_) Types of the genuine Lyric [(_α_) Hymns, dithyrambs, paeans and psalms. Personal religious emotion. Greek treatment of chorus. Psalms of Old Testament (_β_) Personal life of poet the subject-matter. Not so much the subject as the enthusiasm or personal note. Pindaric Odes. Horace. Klopstock (_γ_) The song as such. A field of blossom ever starting anew. The Oriental and Western type. Anacreon. Protestant hymns. Sonnet, elegy, epistle, etc. Dithyrambic emotion of Schiller] 230 3. Historical evolution of the Lyric (_a_) Oriental lyrical poetry [Vital absorption in the object. Objective character as compared with pure romantic. Hymns of exaltation. Metaphor, image, and simile particularly favoured. Present in Chinese, Hindoo, Hebrew, Arab and Persian poetry] (_b_) The Lyric of the Greeks and Romans