The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Furthermore, I declare and confirm what the
nature of compact is; how and by what means the right of one might
be transferred unto another to make their compacts valid; also what
rights, and to whom they must necessarily be granted, for the
establishing of peace; I mean, what those dictates of reason are,
which may properly be termed the laws of nature. And all these are
contained in that part of this book which I entitle _Liberty_.
These grounds thus laid, I show further what civil government, and
the supreme power in it, and the divers kinds of it are; by what
means it becomes so; and what rights particular men, who intend to
constitute this civil government, must so necessarily transfer from
themselves on the supreme power, whether it be one man or an
assembly of men, that, except they do so, it will evidently appear
to be no civil government, but the rights which all men have to all
things, that is, the rights of war will still remain. Next I
distinguish the divers kinds of it, to wit, monarchy, aristocracy,
democracy; and paternal dominion, and that of masters over their
servants. I declare how they are constituted, and I compare their
several conveniences and inconveniences, each with other.
Furthermore, I unfold what those things are which destroy it, and
what his or their duty is, who rule in chief. Last of all, I
explicate the natures of law and of sin; and I distinguish law from
counsel, from compact, from that which I call right. All which I
comprehend under the title of _Dominion_.
In the last part of it, which is entitled _Religion_, lest that
right, which by strong reason, in the preceding discourse, I had
confirmed the sovereign powers to have over their subjects, might
seem to be repugnant to the sacred Scriptures; I show, in the first
place, how it repugns not the divine right, for as much as God
overrules all rulers by nature, that is, by the dictates of natural
reason. In the second, forasmuch as God himself had a peculiar
dominion over the Jews, by virtue of that ancient covenant of
circumcision. In the third, because God doth now rule over us
Christians, by virtue of our covenant of baptism. And therefore the
authority of rulers in chief, or of civil government, is not at all,
we see, contrary to religion.
In the last place, I declare what duties are necessarily required
from us, to enter into the _kingdom of heaven_. And of those I
plainly demonstrate, and conclude out of evident testimonies of holy
writ according to the interpretation made by all, that the
obedience, which I have affirmed to be due from particular Christian
subjects unto their Christian princes, cannot possibly in the least
sort be repugnant unto Christian religion.