liberty is an exemption from the laws of the city, and proper only to those that bear rule. [Sidenote: There is the same right in an hereditary, which there is in an institutive government.] 10. A _father_ with his _sons_ and _servants_, grown into a civil person by virtue of his paternal jurisdiction, is called a _family_. This _family_, if through multiplying of _children_ and acquisition of _servants_ it becomes numerous, insomuch as without casting the uncertain die of war it cannot be subdued, will be termed an _hereditary kingdom_. Which though it differ from an _institutive monarchy_, being acquired by force, in the original and manner of its constitution; yet being constituted, it hath all the same properties, and the right of authority is everywhere the same; insomuch as it is not needful to speak anything of them apart. [Sidenote: The question concerning the right of succession belongs only to monarchy.] 11. It hath been spoken, by what right supreme authorities are constituted. We must now briefly tell you, by what right they may be continued. Now the right by which they are continued, is that which is called the right of _succession_. Now because in a _democracy_ the supreme authority is with the _people_, as long as there be any subjects in being, so long it rests with the same person; for the people hath no successor. In like manner in an _aristocracy_, one of the nobles dying, some other by the rest is substituted in his place; and therefore except they all die together, which I suppose will never happen, there is no succession. The query therefore of the right of succession takes place only in an _absolute monarchy_. For they who exercise the supreme power for a time only, are themselves no _monarchs_, but _ministers_ of state. [Sidenote: A monarch may dispose of the command of his government by testament:] 12. But first, if a monarch shall by testament appoint one to succeed him, the person appointed shall succeed. For if he be appointed by the _people_, he shall have all the right over the city which the _people_ had, as hath been showed in chap. VII. art. 11. But the people might choose him; by the same right therefore may he choose another. But in an _hereditary kingdom_, there are the same rights as in an _institutive_. Wherefore every monarch may by his will make a _successor_. [Sidenote: Or give it away, or sell it.] 13. But what a man may transfer on another by testament, that by the same right may he, yet living, give or sell away. To whomsoever therefore he shall make over the supreme power, whether by gift or sale, it is rightly made. [Sidenote: A monarch dying without testament, is ever understood to will that a monarch should succeed him:]