The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
3. Now that _monarchy_, of the foresaid forms of _democracy_,
_aristocracy_, and _monarchy_, hath the pre-eminence, will best
appear by comparing the conveniences and inconveniences arising in
each one of them. Those arguments therefore, that the _whole_
universe is governed by _one_ God; that the ancients preferred the
monarchical state before all others, ascribing the rule of the gods
to one Jupiter; that in the beginning of affairs and of nations, the
decrees of princes were held for laws; that paternal government,
instituted by God himself in the creation, was monarchical; that
other governments were compacted by the artifice of men[15] out of
the ashes of monarchy, after it had been ruined with seditions; and
that the people of God were under the jurisdiction of kings:
although, I say, these do hold forth _monarchy_ as the more eminent
to us, yet because they do it by examples and testimonies, and not
by solid reason, we will pass them over.
Footnote 15:
_Compacted by the artifice of men, &c._] It seems the ancients who
made that same fable of Prometheus, pointed at this. They say that
Prometheus, having stolen fire from the sun, formed a man out of
clay, and that for this deed he was tortured by Jupiter with a
perpetual gnawing in his liver. Which is, that by human invention,
which is signified by Prometheus, laws and justice were by
imitation taken from monarchy; by virtue whereof, as by fire
removed from its natural orb, the multitude, as the dirt and dregs
of men, was as it were quickened and formed into a civil person;
which is termed aristocracy or democracy. But the author and
abettors being found, who might securely and quietly have lived
under the natural jurisdiction of kings, do thus smart for it;
that being exposed still to alteration, they are tormented with
perpetual cares, suspicions, and dissensions.
[Sidenote: The government of one cannot be said to be evil in this
respect, namely, because one hath more power than all the
rest.]