The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
3. But none are said to govern by _commands_, but they who openly
declare them to those who are governed by them. For the _commands_
of the rulers, are the _laws_ of the ruled; but _laws_ they are not,
if not perspicuously published, insomuch as all excuse of ignorance
may be taken away. Men indeed publish their laws by _word_ or
_voice_; neither can they make their will universally known any
other way. But God’s _laws_ are declared after a threefold manner:
first, _by the tacit dictates of right reason_; next, by _immediate
revelation_, which is supposed to be done either by a supernatural
voice, or by a vision or dream, or divine inspiration; thirdly, by
the _voice of one man_, whom God recommends to the rest, as worthy
of belief, by the working of true miracles. Now he whose voice God
thus makes use of to signify his will unto others, is called a
_prophet_. These three manners may be termed the _threefold word of
God_, to wit, the _rational word_, the _sensible word_, and _the
word of prophecy_. To which answer the three manners whereby we are
said to hear God; _right reasoning_, _sense_, and _faith_. God’s
_sensible word_ hath come but to few; neither hath God spoken to men
by revelation, except particularly to some, and to diverse
diversely; neither have any laws of his kingdom been published on
this manner unto any people.
[Sidenote: The kingdom of God two-fold: natural, and prophetic.]
4. And according to the difference which is between the _rational
word_ and the _word of prophecy_, we attribute a two-fold kingdom
unto God: _natural_, in which he reigns by the dictates of right
reason; and which is universal over all who acknowledge the divine
power, by reason of that rational nature which is common to all: and
_prophetical_, in which he rules also by the _word of prophecy_;
which is peculiar, because he hath not given positive laws to all
men, but to his peculiar people and some certain men elected by him.
[Sidenote: The right whereby God governs, is seated in his
omnipotence.]