The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
independent from God, or that he is immortal, or of infinite power,
and the like; though commanded by princes, yet must they be
abstained from. As also from those _actions_ signifying the same; as
prayer to the absent; to ask those things which God alone can give,
as rain and fair weather; to offer him what God can only accept, as
oblations, holocausts; or to give a worship, than which a greater
cannot be given, as sacrifice. For these things seem to tend to this
end, that God may not be thought to rule; contrary to what was
supposed from the beginning. But genuflection, prostration, or any
other act of the body whatsoever, may be lawfully used even in civil
worship; for they may signify an acknowledgment of the civil power
only. For divine worship is distinguished from civil, not by the
motion, placing, habit, or gesture of the body, but by the
declaration of our opinion of him whom we do worship. As if we cast
down ourselves before any man, with intention of declaring by that
sign that we esteem him as God, it is divine worship; if we do the
same thing as a sign of our acknowledgment of the civil power, it is
civil worship. Neither is the _divine worship_ distinguished from
_civil_, by any action usually understood by the words λατρεία and
δουλεία; whereof the former marking out the _duty_ of servants, the
latter their _destiny_, they are words of the same action in degree.
Footnote 19:
_Truly it is to be done._] We said in art. 14 of this chapter,
that they who attributed limits to God, transgressed the natural
law concerning God’s worship. Now they who worship him in an
image, assign him limits. Wherefore they do that which they ought
not to do. And this place seems to contradict the former. We must
therefore know first, that they who are constrained by authority,
do not set God any bounds; but they who command them. For they who
worship unwillingly, do worship in very deed: but they either
stand or fall there, where they are commanded to stand or fall by
a lawful sovereign. Secondly, I say it must be done, not at all
times and everywhere, but on supposition that there is no other
rule of worshipping God, beside the dictates of human reason; for
then the will of the city stands for reason. But in the kingdom of
God by way of covenant, whether old or new, where idolatry is
expressly forbid, though the city commands us to worship thus, yet
must we not do it. Which, if he shall consider, who conceived some
repugnancy between this and art. 14, will surely cease to think so
any longer.
[Sidenote: What is sin in the natural kingdom of God, and what
treason against the divine majesty.]