The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
9. What may be said then of these kind of precepts, _Repent_, _Be
baptized_, _Keep the Commandments_, _Believe the Gospel_, _Come unto
me_, _Sell all that thou hast_, _Give to the poor_, _Follow me_; and
the like? We must say that they are not _laws_, but a calling of us
to the faith: such as is that of Isaiah (lv. 1): _Come; buy wine and
milk without money and without price._ Neither if they come not, do
they therefore sin against any law, but against prudence only;
neither shall their infidelity be punished, but their former sins.
Wherefore St. John saith of the unbeliever, _The wrath of God
abideth on him_; he saith not, _The wrath of God shall come upon
him_. And, _He that believeth not, is already judged_; he saith not,
_shall be_ judged, but _is already_ judged. Nay, it cannot be well
conceived, that remission of sins should be a benefit arising from
_faith_, unless we understand also on the other side, that the
punishment of sins is an hurt proceeding from _infidelity_.
[Sidenote: It belongs to the civil authority, to define what the sin
of injustice is.]
10. From hence, that our Saviour hath prescribed no distributive
laws to the subjects of princes, and citizens of cities; that is to
say, hath given no rules whereby a subject may know and discern what
is _his own_, what _another man’s_, nor by what forms, words, or
circumstances a thing must be _given_, _delivered_, _invaded_,
_possessed_, that it may be known by right to belong to the
_receiver_, _invader_, or _possessor_: we must necessarily
understand that each single subject (not only with unbelievers,
among whom Christ himself denied himself to be a _judge_ and
_distributor_, but even with Christians) must take those rules from
his city, that is to say, from that man or council which hath the
supreme power. It follows therefore, that by those laws; _Thou shalt
not kill_, _Thou shalt not commit adultery_, _Thou shalt not steal_,
_Honour thy father and mother_; nothing else was commanded, but that
subjects, and citizens, should absolutely obey their princes in all
questions concerning _meum_ and _tuum_, _their own_ and _others’
right_. For by that precept, _Thou shalt not kill_, all slaughter is
not prohibited; for he that said, _Thou shalt not kill_, said also,
(Exod. xxxv. 2): _Whosoever doth work upon the sabbath, shall be put
to death_. No, nor yet all slaughter, the cause not being heard; for
he said, (Exod. xxxii. 27): _Slay every man his brother, and every
man his companion, and every man his neighbour._ (Verse 28): _And
there fell of the people about three thousand men._ Nor yet all
slaughter of an innocent person; for Jephtha vowed (Judges xi. 31):
_Whosoever cometh forth, &c. I will offer him up for a burnt
offering unto the Lord_; and his vow was accepted of God. What then
is forbidden? Only this: that no man kill another, who hath not _a
right_ to kill him; that is to say, that no man kill, unless it
belong to him to do so.