The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
20. Now a _Church_, which hath personal rights and proper actions
attributed to it, and of which that same must necessarily be
understood, _Tell it to the Church_, and _he that obeys not the
Church_, and all such like forms of speech, is to be defined so as
by that word may be understood a multitude of men, who have made a
new covenant with God in Christ, that is to say, a multitude of them
who have taken upon them the sacrament of baptism; which multitude
may both lawfully be called together by some one into one place,
and, he so calling them, are bound to be present either in person or
by others. For a multitude of men, if they cannot meet in assembly
when need requires, is not to be called _a person_. For a Church can
neither speak, nor discern, nor hear, but as it is a congregation.
Whatsoever is spoken by particular men, (to wit, as many opinions
almost as heads), that is the speech of one man, not of the Church.
Furthermore, if an assembly be made, and it be unlawful, it shall be
considered as null. Not any one of these therefore who are present
in a tumult, shall be tied to the decree of the rest; but specially
if he dissent. And therefore neither can such a Church make any
decree; for then a multitude is said to decree somewhat, when every
man is obliged by the decree of the major part. We must therefore
grant to the definition of a Church, to which we attribute _things
belonging to a person_, not only a possibility of assembling, but
also of doing it lawfully. Besides, although there be some one who
may lawfully call the rest together; yet if they who are called, may
lawfully not appear; which may happen among men who are not subject
one to another; that same _Church_ is not _one person_. For by what
right they, who being called to a certain time and place do meet
together, are _one Church_; by the same, others flocking to another
place appointed by them, are _another Church_. And every number of
men of one opinion is a Church; and by consequence, there will be as
many Churches as there are divers opinions; that is to say, the same
multitude of men will at once prove to be _one_, and _many
Churches_. Wherefore a Church is not one, except there be a certain
and known, that is to say, a lawful power, by means whereof every
man may be obliged to be present in the congregation, either himself
in person, or by proxy; and that becomes _one_, and is capable of
_personal_ functions, by the union of a lawful power of convocating
synods and assemblies of Christians; not by uniformity of doctrine;
and otherwise it is a multitude, and _persons_ in the plural,
howsoever agreeing in opinions.
[Sidenote: A Christian city is the same with a Christian Church.]