The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
1. The second law of nature, is to perform contracts. 2. That trust
is to be held with all men without exception. 3. What injury is.
4. Injury can be done to none but those with whom we contract.
5. The distinction of justice into that of men, and that of
actions. 6. The distinction of commutative and distributive
justice examined. 7. No injury can be done to him that is
willing. 8. The third law of nature, concerning ingratitude. 9.
The fourth law of nature, that every man render himself useful.
10. The fifth law, of mercy. 11. The sixth law, that punishments
regard the future only. 12. The seventh law, against reproach.
13. The eighth law, against pride. 14. The ninth law, of
humility. 15. The tenth, of equity, or against acceptance of
persons. 16. The eleventh, of things to be had in common. 17.
The twelfth, of things to be divided by lot. 18. The thirteenth,
of birthright and first possession. 19. The fourteenth, of the
safeguard of them who are mediators for peace. 20. The
fifteenth, of constituting an umpire. 21. The sixteenth, that no
man is judge in his own cause. 22. The seventeenth, that umpires
must be without all hope of reward from those whose cause is to
be judged. 23. The eighteenth, of witnesses. 24. The nineteenth,
that there can no contract be made with the umpire. 25. The
twentieth, against gluttony, and all such things as hinder the
use of reason. 26. The rule by which we may presently know,
whether what we are doing be against the law of nature or not.
27. The laws of nature oblige only in the court of conscience.
28. The laws of nature are sometimes broke by doing things
agreeable to those laws. 29. The laws of nature are
unchangeable. 30. Whosoever endeavours to fulfil the laws of
nature, is a just man. 31. The natural and moral law are one.
32. How it comes to pass, that what hath been said of the laws
of nature, is not the same with what philosophers have delivered
concerning the virtues. 33. The law of nature is not properly a
law, but as it is delivered in Holy Writ.
[Sidenote: The second law of nature, to perform contracts.]
1. Another of the laws of nature is, to _perform contracts_, or _to
keep trust_. For it hath been showed in the foregoing chapter, that
the law of nature commands every man, as a thing necessary, to
obtain peace, to convey certain rights from each to other; and that
this, as often as it shall happen to be done, is called a contract.
But this is so far forth only conducible to peace, as we shall
perform ourselves what we contract with others shall be done or
omitted; and in vain would contacts be made, unless we stood to
them. Because therefore to stand to our covenants, or to keep faith,
is a thing necessary for the obtaining of peace; it will prove, by
the second article of the second chapter, to be a precept of the
natural law.