The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
4. There are, who indeed do think it necessary that a supreme
command should be somewhere extant in a city; but if it should be in
any one, either man or council, it would follow, they say, that all
the citizens must be slaves. Avoiding this condition, they imagine
that there may be a certain form of government compounded of those
three kinds we have spoken of, yet different from each particular;
which they call a _mixed monarchy_, or _mixed aristocracy_, or
_mixed democracy_, according as any one of these three sorts shall
be more eminent than the rest. For example, if the naming of
magistrates and the arbitration of war and peace should belong to
the King, judicature to the Lords, and contribution of monies to the
People, and the power of making laws to all together, this kind of
state would they call a _mixed monarchy_ forsooth. But if it were
possible that there could be such a state, it would no whit
advantage the liberty of the subject. For as long as they all agree,
each single citizen is as much subject as possibly he can be: but if
they disagree, the state returns to a civil war and the right of the
private sword; which certainly is much worse than any subjection
whatsoever. But that there can be no such kind of government,[14]
hath been sufficiently demonstrated in the foregoing chapter, art.
6-12.
Footnote 14:
_But that there can be no such kind of government._] Most men
grant, that a government ought not to be divided; but they would
have it moderated and bounded by some limits. Truly it is very
reasonable it should be so; but if these men, when they speak of
moderating and limiting, do understand dividing it, they make a
very fond distinction. Truly, for my part, I wish that not only
kings, but all other persons endued with supreme authority, would
so temper themselves as to commit no wrong, and only minding their
charges, contain themselves within the limits of the natural and
divine laws. But they who distinguish thus, they would have the
chief power bounded and restrained by others: which, because it
cannot be done but they who do set the limits must needs have some
part of the power, whereby they may be enabled to do it, the
government is properly divided, not moderated.
[Sidenote: That democracy, except it have certain times and places
of meeting prescribed, is dissolved.]