The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
But the use of words in registering our thoughts is in nothing so
evident as in numbering. A natural fool that could never learn by heart
the order of numeral words, as _one_, _two_, and _three_, may observe
every stroke of the clock, and nod to it, or say _one_, _one_, _one_,
but can never know what hour it strikes. And it seems, there was a time
when those names of number were not in use; and men were fain to apply
their fingers of one or both hands, to those things they desired to keep
account of; and that thence it proceeded, that now our numeral words are
but ten, in any nation, and in some but five; and then they begin again.
And he that can tell ten, if he recite them out of order, will lose
himself, and not know when he has done. Much less will he be able to
add, and subtract, and perform all other operations of arithmetic. So
that without words there is no possibility of reckoning of numbers; much
less of magnitudes, of swiftness, of force, and other things, the
reckonings whereof are necessary to the being, or well-being of mankind.
When two names are joined together into a consequence, or affirmation,
as thus, _a man is a living creature_; or thus, _if he be a man, he is a
living creature_; if the latter name, _living creature_, signify all
that the former name _man_ signifieth, then the affirmation, or
consequence, is _true_; otherwise _false_. For _true_ and _false_ are
attributes of speech, not of things. And where speech is not, there is
neither _truth_ nor _falsehood_; _error_ there may be, as when we expect
that which shall not be, or suspect what has not been; but in neither
case can a man be charged with untruth.
[Sidenote: Necessity of definitions.]
Seeing then that truth consisteth in the right ordering of names in our
affirmations, a man that seeketh precise truth had need to remember what
every name he uses stands for, and to place it accordingly, or else he
will find himself entangled in words, as a bird in lime twigs, the more
he struggles the more belimed. And therefore in geometry, which is the
only science that it hath pleased God hitherto to bestow on mankind, men
begin at settling the significations of their words; which settling of
significations they call _definitions_, and place them in the beginning
of their reckoning.