The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
It hath been also commonly taught, _that faith and sanctity, are not to
be attained by study and reason, but by supernatural inspiration, or
infusion_. Which granted, I see not why any man should render a reason
of his faith; or why every Christian should not be also a prophet; or
why any man should take the law of his country, rather than his own
inspiration, for the rule of his action. And thus we fall again in the
fault of taking upon us to judge of good and evil; or to make judges of
it, such private men as pretend to be supernaturally inspired, to the
dissolution of all civil government. Faith comes by hearing, and hearing
by those accidents, which guide us into the presence of them that speak
to us; which accidents are all contrived by God Almighty; and yet are
not supernatural, but only, for the great number of them that concur to
every effect, unobservable. Faith and sanctity, are indeed not very
frequent; but yet they are not miracles, but brought to pass by
education, discipline, correction, and other natural ways, by which God
worketh them in his elect, at such times as he thinketh fit. And these
three opinions, pernicious to peace and government, have in this part of
the world, proceeded chiefly from the tongues, and pens of unlearned
divines, who joining the words of Holy Scripture together, otherwise
than is agreeable to reason, do what they can, to make men think, that
sanctity and natural reason, cannot stand together.
[Sidenote: Subjecting the sovereign power to civil laws.]
A fourth opinion, repugnant to the nature of a commonwealth, is this,
_that he that hath the sovereign power is subject to the civil laws_. It
is true, that sovereigns are all subject to the laws of nature; because
such laws be divine, and cannot by any man, or commonwealth be
abrogated. But to those laws which the sovereign himself, that is, which
the commonwealth maketh, he is not subject. For to be subject to laws,
is to be subject to the commonwealth, that is to the sovereign
representative, that is to himself; which is not subjection, but freedom
from the laws. Which error, because it setteth the laws above the
sovereign, setteth also a judge above him, and a power to punish him;
which is to make a new sovereign; and again for the same reason a third,
to punish the second; and so continually without end, to the confusion,
and dissolution of the commonwealth.
[Sidenote: Attributing of absolute propriety to subjects.]