The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
A fifth doctrine, that tendeth to the dissolution of a commonwealth, is,
_that every private man has an absolute propriety in his goods; such, as
excludeth the right of the sovereign_. Every man has indeed a propriety
that excludes the right of every other subject: and he has it only from
the sovereign power; without the protection whereof, every other man
should have equal right to the same. But if the right of the sovereign
also be excluded, he cannot perform the office they have put him into;
which is, to defend them both from foreign enemies, and from the
injuries of one another; and consequently there is no longer a
commonwealth.
And if the propriety of subjects, exclude not the right of the sovereign
representative to their goods; much less to their offices of judicature,
or execution, in which they represent the sovereign himself.
[Sidenote: Dividing of the sovereign power.]
There is a sixth doctrine, plainly, and directly against the essence of
a commonwealth; and it is this, _that the sovereign power may be
divided_. For what is it to divide the power of a commonwealth, but to
dissolve it; for powers divided mutually destroy each other. And for
these doctrines, men are chiefly beholding to some of those, that making
profession of the laws, endeavour to make them depend upon their own
learning, and not upon the legislative power.
[Sidenote: Imitation of neighbour nations.]
And as false doctrine, so also oftentimes the example of different
government in a neighbouring nation, disposeth men to alteration of the
form already settled. So the people of the Jews were stirred up to
reject God, and to call upon the prophet Samuel, for a king after the
manner of the nations: so also the lesser cities of Greece, were
continually disturbed, with seditions of the aristocratical, and
democratical factions; one part of almost every commonwealth, desiring
to imitate the Lacedemonians; the other, the Athenians. And I doubt not,
but many men have been contented to see the late troubles in England,
out of an imitation of the Low Countries; supposing there needed no more
to grow rich, than to change, as they had done, the form of their
government. For the constitution of man’s nature, is of itself subject
to desire novelty. When therefore they are provoked to the same, by the
neighbourhood also of those that have been enriched by it, it is almost
impossible for them, not to be content with those that solicit them to
change; and love the first beginnings, though they be grieved with the
continuance of disorder; like hot bloods, that having gotten the itch,
tear themselves with their own nails, till they can endure the smart no
longer.
[Sidenote: Imitation of the Greeks and Romans.]