The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
As there have been doctors, that hold there be three souls in a man; so
there be also that think there may be more souls, that is, more
sovereigns, than one, in a commonwealth; and set up a _supremacy_
against the _sovereignty_; _canons_ against _laws_; and a _ghostly
authority_ against the _civil_; working on men’s minds, with words and
distinctions, that of themselves signify nothing, but bewray by their
obscurity; that there walketh, as some think, invisibly another kingdom,
as it were a kingdom of fairies, in the dark. Now seeing it is manifest,
that the civil power, and the power of the commonwealth is the same
thing; and that supremacy, and the power of making canons, and granting
faculties, implieth a commonwealth; it followeth, that where one is
sovereign, another supreme; where one can make laws, and another make
canons; there must needs be two commonwealths, of one and the same
subjects; which is a kingdom divided in itself, and cannot stand. For
notwithstanding the insignificant distinction of _temporal_, and
_ghostly_, they are still two kingdoms, and every subject is subject to
two masters. For seeing the _ghostly_ power challengeth the right to
declare what is sin, it challengeth by consequence to declare what is
law, sin being nothing but the transgression of the law; and again, the
civil power challenging to declare what is law, every subject must obey
two masters, who both will have their commands be observed as law; which
is impossible. Or, if it be but one kingdom, either the _civil_, which
is the power of the commonwealth, must be subordinate to the _ghostly_,
and then there is no sovereignty but the _ghostly_; or the _ghostly_
must be subordinate to the _temporal_, and then there is no _supremacy_
but the _temporal_. When therefore these two powers oppose one another,
the commonwealth cannot but be in great danger of civil war and
dissolution. For the _civil_ authority being more visible, and standing
in the clearer light of natural reason, cannot choose but draw to it in
all times a very considerable part of the people: and the _spiritual_,
though it stand in the darkness of School distinctions, and hard words,
yet because the fear of darkness and ghosts, is greater than other
fears, cannot want a party sufficient to trouble, and sometimes to
destroy a commonwealth. And this is a disease which not unfitly may be
compared to the epilepsy, or falling sickness, which the Jews took to be
one kind of possession by spirits, in the body natural. For as in this
disease, there is an unnatural spirit, or wind in the head that
obstructeth the roots of the nerves, and moving them violently, taketh
away the motion which naturally they should have from the power of the
soul in the brain, and thereby causeth violent, and irregular motions,
which men call convulsions, in the parts; insomuch as he that is seized
therewith, falleth down sometimes into the water, and sometimes into the