The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Fourthly, seeing people cannot be taught this, nor when it is taught,
remember it, nor after one generation past, so much as know in whom the
sovereign power is placed, without setting apart from their ordinary
labour, some certain times, in which they may attend those that are
appointed to instruct them; it is necessary that some such times be
determined, wherein they may assemble together, and, after prayers and
praises given to God, the sovereign of sovereigns, hear those their
duties told them, and the positive laws, such as generally concern them
all, read and expounded, and be put in mind of the authority that maketh
them laws. To this end had the Jews every seventh day, a sabbath, in
which the law was read and expounded; and in the solemnity whereof they
were put in mind, that their king was God; that having created the world
in six days, he rested the seventh day; and by their resting on it from
their labour, that that God was their king, which redeemed them from
their servile, and painful labour in Egypt, and gave them a time, after
they had rejoiced in God, to take joy also in themselves, by lawful
recreation. So that the first table of the commandments, is spent all in
setting down the sum of God’s absolute power; not only as God, but as
king by pact, in peculiar, of the Jews; and may therefore give light, to
those that have sovereign power conferred on them by the consent of men,
to see what doctrine they ought to teach their subjects.
[Sidenote: And to honour their parents.]
And because the first instruction of children, dependeth on the care of
their parents, it is necessary that they should be obedient to them,
whilst they are under their tuition; and not only so, but that also
afterwards, as gratitude requireth, they acknowledge the benefit of
their education, by external signs of honour. To which end they are to
be taught, that originally the father of every man was also his
sovereign lord, with power over him of life and death; and that the
fathers of families, when by instituting a commonwealth, they resigned
that absolute power, yet it was never intended, they should lose the
honour due unto them for their education. For to relinquish such right,
was not necessary to the institution of sovereign power; nor would there
be any reason, why any man should desire to have children, or take the
care to nourish and instruct them, if they were afterwards to have no
other benefit from them, than from other men. And this accordeth with
the fifth commandment.
[Sidenote: And to avoid doing of injury.]