_Subject to names_, is whatsoever can enter into or be considered in an account, and be added one to another to make a sum, or subtracted one from another and leave a remainder. The Latins called accounts of money _rationes_, and accounting _ratiocinatio_; and that which we in bills or books of account call _items_, they call _nomina_, that is _names_; and thence it seems to proceed, that they extended the word _ratio_ to the faculty of reckoning in all other things. The Greeks have but one word, λόγος, for both _speech_ and _reason_; not that they thought there was no speech without reason, but no reasoning without speech: and the act of reasoning they called _syllogism_, which signifieth summing up of the consequences of one saying to another. And because the same thing may enter into account for divers accidents, their names are, to show that diversity, diversly wrested and diversified. This diversity of names may be reduced to four general heads. [Sidenote: Names.] First, a thing may enter into account for _matter_ or _body_; as _living_, _sensible_, _rational_, _hot_, _cold_, _moved_, _quiet_; with all which names the word _matter_, or _body_, is understood; all such being names of matter. Secondly, it may enter into account, or be considered, for some accident or quality which we conceive to be in it; as for _being moved_, for _being so long_, for _being hot_, &c.; and then, of the name of the thing itself, by a little change or wresting, we make a name for that accident, which we consider; and for _living_ put into the account _life_; for _moved_, _motion_; for _hot_, _heat_; for _long_, _length_, and the like: and all such names are the names of the accidents and properties by which one matter and body is distinguished from another. These are called _names abstract_, because severed, not from matter, but from the account of matter. Thirdly, we bring into account the properties of our own bodies, whereby we make such distinction; as when anything is seen by us, we reckon not the thing itself, but the sight, the colour, the idea of it in the fancy: and when anything is heard, we reckon it not, but the hearing or sound only, which is our fancy or conception of it by the ear; and such are names of fancies. [Sidenote: Use of names positive.] Fourthly, we bring into account, consider, and give names, to _names_ themselves, and to _speeches_: for _general_, _universal_, _special_, _equivocal_, are names of names. And _affirmation_, _interrogation_, _commandment_, _narration_, _syllogism_, _sermon_, _oration_, and many other such, are names of speeches. And this is all the variety of names _positive_; which are put to mark somewhat which is in nature, or may be feigned by the mind of man, as bodies that are, or may be conceived to be; or of bodies, the properties that are, or may be feigned to be; or words and speech. [Sidenote: Negative names, with their uses.]