The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
[Sidenote: Public worship consisteth in uniformity.]
But seeing a commonwealth is but one person, it ought also to exhibit to
God but one worship; which then it doth, when it commandeth it to be
exhibited by private men, publicly. And this is public worship; the
property whereof, is to be _uniform_: for those actions that are done
differently, by different men, cannot be said to be a public worship.
And therefore, where many sorts of worship be allowed, proceeding from
the different religions of private men, it cannot be said there is any
public worship, nor that the commonwealth is of any religion at all.
[Sidenote: All attributes depend on the laws civil.]
And because words, and consequently the attributes of God, have their
signification by agreement and constitution of men, those attributes are
to be held significative of honour, that men intend shall so be; and
whatsoever may be done by the wills of particular men, where there is no
law but reason, may be done by the will of the commonwealth, by laws
civil. And because a commonwealth hath no will, nor makes no laws, but
those that are made by the will of him, or them that have the sovereign
power; it followeth that those attributes which the sovereign ordaineth,
in the worship of God, for signs of honour, ought to be taken and used
for such, by private men in their public worship.
[Sidenote: Not all actions.]
But because not all actions are signs by constitution, but some are
naturally signs of honour, others of contumely; these latter, which are
those that men are ashamed to do in the sight of them they reverence,
cannot be made by human power a part of Divine worship; nor the former,
such as are decent, modest, humble behaviour, ever be separated from it.
But whereas there be an infinite number of actions and gestures of an
indifferent nature; such of them as the commonwealth shall ordain to be
publicly and universally in use, as signs of honour, and part of God’s
worship, are to be taken and used for such by the subjects. And that
which is said in the Scripture, _It is better to obey God than man_,
hath place in the kingdom of God by pact, and not by nature.
[Sidenote: Natural punishments.]