The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_h_) “What then, must the logicians lay aside their first and second
intentions, their abstracts and concretes &c.: must the moral
philosopher quit his means and extremes, his _principia congenita et
acquisita_, his liberty of contradiction and contrariety, his necessity
absolute and hypothetical, &c.: must the natural philosopher give over
his intentional species, &c.: because they do not relish with T. H.’s
palate?” I confess that among the logicians, Barbara, Celarent, Darii,
Ferio, &c. are terms of art. But if the Bishop think that words of
_first and second intention_, that _abstract_ and _concrete_, that
_subjects_ and _predicates_, _moods_ and _figures_, _method synthetic_
and _analytic_, _fallacies_ of _composition_ and _division_, be terms of
art, I am not of his opinion. For these are no more terms of art in
logic, than _lines_, _figures_, _squares_, _triangles_, &c. in the
mathematics. Barbara, Celarent, and the rest that follow, are terms of
art, invented for the easier apprehension of young men, and are by young
men understood. But the terms of the School with which I have found
fault, have been invented to blind the understanding, and cannot be
understood by those that intend to learn divinity. And to his question
whether the moral philosopher must quit his means and extremes, I
answer, that though they are not terms of art, he ought to quit them
when they cannot be understood; and when they can, to use them rightly.
And therefore, though _means_ and _extremes_ be terms intelligible, yet
I would have them quit the placing of virtue in the one, and of vice in
the other. But for his _liberty of contradiction_ and _contrariety_, his
_necessity absolute_ and _hypothetical_, if any moral philosopher ever
used them, then away with them; they serve for nothing but to seduce
young students. In like manner, let the natural philosopher no more
mention his _intentional species_, his _understanding agent and
patient_, his _receptive and eductive power of the matter_, his
_qualities infusæ_ or _influxæ_, _symbolæ_ or _dissymbolæ_, his
_temperament ad pondus_ and _ad justitiam_. He may keep his _parts
homogeneous_ and _heterogeneous_; but his _sympathies_ and
_antipathies_, his _antiperistasis_ and the like names of excuses rather
than of causes, I would have him fling away. And for the astrologer,
(unless he means astronomer), I would have him throw away his whole
trade. But if he mean astronomer, then the terms of _apogæum_ and
_perigæum_, artic, antartic, equator, zodiac, zenith, meridian, horizon,
zones, &c. are no more terms of art in astronomy, than a saw or a
hatchet in the art of a carpenter. He cites no terms of art for
geometry; I was afraid he would have put _lines_, or perhaps _equality_
or _inequality_, for terms of art. So that now I know not what be those
terms he thinks I would cast away in geometry. And lastly, for his
metaphysician, I would have him quit both his terms and his profession,