The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_n_) “My second reason against this distinction of liberty from
compulsion, but not from necessitation, is new, and demonstrates
clearly, that to necessitate the will by a physical necessity, is to
compel the will, so far as the will is capable of compulsion; and that
he who doth necessitate the will to evil after that manner, is the true
cause of evil, &c.” By this second reason, which he says _is new, and
demonstrates_, &c, I cannot find what reason he means. For there are but
two, whereof the latter is in these words: “Secondly, to rip up the
bottom of this business, this I take to be the clear resolution of the
Schools; there is a double act of the will; the one more remote, called
_imperatus_, &c.; the other act is nearer, called _actus elicitus_,” &c.
But I doubt whether this be it he means, or no. For this being the
resolution of the Schools, is not new; and being a distinction only, is
no demonstration; though perhaps he may use the word demonstration, as
every unlearned man now-a-days does, to signify any argument of his own.
As for the distinction itself, because the terms are Latin, and never
used by any author of the Latin tongue, to shew their impertinence I
expounded them in English, and left them to the reader’s judgment to
find the absurdity of them himself. And the Bishop in this part of his
reply endeavours to defend them. And first, he calls it a trivial and
grammatical objection, to say they are _improper_ and _obscure_. Is
there anything less beseeming a _divine_ or a _philosopher_, than to
speak _improperly_ and _obscurely_, where the truth is in question?
Perhaps it may be tolerable in one that divineth, but not in him that
pretendeth to demonstrate. It is not the universal current of divines
and philosophers, that giveth words their authority, but the generality
of them who acknowledge that they understand them. _Tyrant_ and
_præmunire_, though their signification be changed, yet they are
understood; and so are the names of the days, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday.
And when English readers not engaged in School divinity, shall find
_imperate_ and _elicit acts_ as intelligible as those, I will confess I
had no reason to find fault.