The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_d_) “In the very last passage of my discourse I proposed my own
private opinion, how it might be made appear that the eternal prescience
and decrees of God are consistent with true liberty and contingency,
&c.” If he had meant by liberty, as other men do, the liberty of action,
that is, of things which are in his power to do which he will, it had
been an easy matter to reconcile it with the prescience and decrees of
God; but meaning the liberty of will, it was impossible. So likewise, if
by contingency he had meant simply coming to pass, it had been
reconcilable with the decrees of God; but meaning coming to pass without
necessity, it was impossible. And therefore though it be true he says,
that “he set it down in as plain terms as he could”, yet it was
impossible to set it down in plain terms. Nor ought he to charge me with
misunderstanding him, and wresting his words to a wrong sense. For the
truth is, I did not understand them at all, nor thought he understood
them himself; but was willing to give them the best interpretation they
would bear; which he calls wresting them to a wrong sense. And first, I
understood not what he meant by the aspect of God. For if he had meant
his foreknowledge, which word he had often used before; what needed he
in this one place only to call it _aspect_? Or what need he here call it
his _view_? Or say that all things are open to the eyes of God not
_discursively_, but _intuitively_; which is to expound _eyes_ in that
text, Hebr. iv. 13, not figuratively but literally, nevertheless
excluding _external species_, which the Schoolmen say are the cause of
seeing? But it was well done to exclude such insignificant speeches,
upon every occasion whatsoever. And though I do not hold the
foreknowledge of God to consist in _discourse_; yet I shall be never
driven to say it is by _intuition_, as long as I know that even a man
hath foreknowledge of all those things which he intendeth himself to do,
not by discourse, but by knowing his own purpose; saving that man hath a
superior power over him, that can change his purpose; which God hath
not. And whereas he says, I confound this aspect with the will and
decrees of God, he accuseth me wrongfully. For how could I so confound
it, when I understood not what it meant?
(_e_) “Secondly, he chargeth me, that hitherto I have maintained that
‘liberty and the decrees of God are irreconcileable’”. And the reason
why I do so is, because he maintained that liberty and the absolute
necessity of all things are irreconcileable. If liberty cannot stand
with necessity, it cannot stand with the decrees of God, of which
decrees necessity is a consequent. I needed not to say, nor did say,
that necessity and God’s decrees are all one: though if I had said it,
it had not been without authority of learned men, in whose writings are
often found this sentence, _voluntas Dei, necessitas rerum_.