Obnoxious to _envy_ are: men of our own time, of our own country, of our own age, and competitors of our glory; and therefore, those whom we strive with for honour. And those that covet the same things that we do. And those that get quickly, what we hardly obtain, or not at all. And those that attain unto, or do the things that turn to our reproach, not being done by us. And those that possess what we have possessed heretofore; so old and decayed men envy the young and lusty. And those that have bestowed little, are subject to be envied by such as have bestowed much upon the same thing. From the contraries of these may be derived the principles concerning joy for other men’s hurt. He therefore that would not have his enemy prevail, when he craves _pity_ or other favour, must dispose the judge to _envy_; and make his adversary appear such as are above described to be subject to the _envy_ of others. ========== CHAPTER XIII. OF EMULATION. _Emulation_ is grief arising from that our equals possess such goods as are had in honour, and whereof we are capable, but have them not; not because they have them, but because not we also. No man therefore _emulates_ another in things whereof himself is not capable. Apt to _emulate_ are: such as esteem themselves worthy of more than they have. And young and magnanimous men. And such as already possess the goods for which men are honoured: for they measure their worth by their having. And those that are esteemed worthy by others. And those whose ancestors, kindred, familiars, nation, city, have been eminent for some good, do _emulate_ others for that good. _Objects_ of emulation are, for _things_; virtues. And things whereby we may profit others. And things whereby we may please others. For _persons_: they that possess such things. And such as many desire to be friends or acquainted with, or like unto. And they whose praises fly abroad. The contrary of _emulation_ is _contempt_. And they that _emulate_ such as have the goods aforementioned, _contemn_ such as have them not. And thence it is, that men who live happily enough, unless they have the goods which men honour, are nevertheless _contemned_. ========== CHAPTER XIV. OF THE MANNERS OF YOUTH. Of _passions_ we have already spoken. We are next to speak of _manners_. _Manners_ are distinguished by _passions_, _habits_, _ages_, and _fortunes_. What kind of _manners_ proceed from _passions_, and from _virtues_ and _vices_, which are _habits_, hath been already shewed. There remains to be spoken of the _manners_ that are peculiar to several _ages_ and _fortunes_. The _ages_ are _youth_, _middle-age_, _old age_. And first of _youth_.