A fourth, from _amplification of the crime_. For neither is the _defendant_ likely to have committed the crime he _amplifies_; nor does the _accuser_ seem, when he is passionate, to want ground for his accusation. A fifth from _signs_; as, when a man concludes the doing of the fact from the manner of his life. A sixth from _that which comes by chance_. As if from this, that the tyranny of Hipparchus came to be overthrown from the love of Aristogeiton to Harmodius, a man should conclude that in a free commonwealth loving of boys were profitable. A seventh from the _consequence_; as, _Banishment is to be desired, because a banished man has choice of places to dwell in_. An eighth from _making that the cause which is not_; as, _In Demosthenes' government the war began; therefore Demosthenes governed well. With the Peloponnesian war began the plague, therefore Pericles, that persuaded that war, did ill._ A ninth from _the omission of some circumstance_; as, _Helen did what was lawful when she ran away with Paris, because she had her father’s consent to choose her own husband_; which was true only during the time that she had not chosen. A tenth from that which is _probable_, in _some case_, to that which is _probable simply_; as, _It is probable he foresaw that if he did it he should be suspected; therefore it is probable he did it not_. From this place one may infer both ways that _he did it not_. For if he be not likely to do it, it may be thought _he did it not_: again, if he were likely to do it, it may be thought _he did it not_, for this, _that he knew he should be suspected_. Upon this place was grounded the art which was so much detested in Protagoras, of making the better cause seem the worse, and the worse the better. ========== CHAPTER XXVII. OF THE WAYS TO ANSWER THE ARGUMENTS OF THE ADVERSARY. An _argument_ is answered by an _opposite syllogism_, or by an _objection_. The places of _opposite syllogisms_ are the same with the places of syllogisms, or enthymemes; for a rhetorical syllogism is an enthymeme. The places of _objections_ are four. First, from _the same_. As, to the adversary that proves love to be good by an enthymeme, may be _objected_, that, _No want is good, and yet love is want_; or particularly thus, _The love of Myrrha to her father was not good_. The second from _contraries_. As, if the adversary say, _A good man does good to his friends_, an _objection_ might be made, that then _an evil man will do also evil to his friends_. The third from _similitude_. As thus, if the adversary say, all men that are injured do hate those that have injured them, it may be _objected_, that then _all men that had received benefits should love their benefactors_, that is to say, be grateful.