And _hyperboles_, because they also are _metaphors_. But they are youthful, and bewray vehemence; and are used with most grace by them that be angry; and for that cause are not comely in old men. ========== CHAPTER XI. OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STYLE TO BE USED IN WRITING, AND THE STYLE TO BE USED IN PLEADING. The _style_ that should be _read_, ought to be more exact and accurate. But the _style_ of a _pleader_, ought to be suited to action and pronunciation. Orations of them that _plead_, pass away with the hearing. But those that are _written_, men carry about them, and are considered at leisure; and consequently must endure to be sifted and examined. _Written_ orations appear flat in _pleading_. And orations made for the _bar_, when the action is away, appear in _reading_ insipid. In _written_ orations repetition is justly condemned. But in _pleadings_, by the help of action, and by some change in the _pleader_, repetition becomes amplification. In _written_ orations disjunctives do ill; as, _I came_, _I found him_, _I asked him_: for they seem superfluous, and but one thing, because they are not distinguished by action. But in _pleadings_ it is amplification; because that which is but one thing, is made to seem many. Of _pleadings_, that which is _judicial_ ought to be more accurate than that which is _before the people_. And an oration _to the people_ ought to be more accommodate to action, than a _judicial_. And of _judicial_ orations, that ought to be more accurate, which is uttered to _few_ judges; and that ought to be more accommodate to action, which is uttered to _many_. As in a _picture_, the further he stands off that beholds it, the less need there is that the colours be fine; so in _orations_, the further the hearer stands off, the less need there is for his oration to be elegant. Therefore _demonstrative_ orations are most proper for _writing_, the end whereof is to be _read_. ========== CHAPTER XII. OF THE PARTS OF AN ORATION, AND THEIR ORDER. The _necessary_ parts of an oration are but two; _propositions_ and _proof_; which are, as it were, the _problem_ and _demonstration_. The _proposition_ is the explication or opening of the matter to be _proved_. And _proof_ is the _demonstration_ of the matter _propounded_. To these _necessary parts_ are sometimes added two other, the _proem_ and the _epilogue_; neither of which is any _proof_. So that in some there be _four parts_ of an oration; the _proem_; the _proposition_, or as others call it, the _narration_; the _proofs_, which contain _confirmation_, _confutation_, _amplification_, and _diminution_; and the _epilogue_. ========== CHAPTER XIII. OF THE PROEM.