Such enthymemes are the most _graceful_, which neither are presently very manifest, nor yet very hard to be understood; but are comprehended while they are uttering, or presently after, though not understood before. The things that make a speech _graceful_, are these; _antitheta_, _metaphors_, and _animation_. Of _antitheta_ and _antithesis_ hath been spoken in the precedent chapter. Of _metaphors_, the most _graceful_ is that which is drawn from _proportion_. Aristotle, in the twelfth chapter of his _Poetry_, defines a _metaphor_ to be the translation of a name from one signification to another; whereof he makes four kinds, 1. From the _general_ to the _particular_. 2. From the _particular_ to the _general_. 3. From one _particular_ to another. 4. From _proportion_. A metaphor from proportion is such as this; _A state without youth, is a year without a spring_. _Animation_ is that expression which makes us seem to see the thing before our eyes. As he that said, _The Athenians poured out their city into Sicily_; meaning, they sent thither the greatest army they could make. And this is the greatest grace of an oration. If therefore in the same sentence there concur both _metaphor_ and this _animation_, and also _antithesis_, it cannot choose but be very _graceful_. That an oration is _graced_ by metaphor, animation, and antithesis, hath been said: but _how_ it is graced, is to be said in the next chapter. ========== CHAPTER X. IN WHAT MANNER AN ORATION IS GRACED BY THE THINGS AFORESAID. It is graced by _animation_, when the actions of living creatures are attributed to things without life; as when the _sword_ is said to _devour_. Such _metaphors_ as these come into a man’s mind by the observation of things that have similitude and proportion one to another. And the more unlike and unproportionable the things be otherwise, the more _grace_ hath the _metaphor_. A _metaphor_ without _animation_, adds _grace_ then, when the hearer finds he learns somewhat by such use of the word. Also _paradoxes_ are _graceful_, so men inwardly do believe them. For they have in them somewhat like to those jests that are grounded upon the similitude of words, which have usually one sense, and in the present another; and somewhat like to those jests which are grounded upon the deceiving of a man’s expectation. And _paragrams_, that is, allusions of words, are graceful, if they be well placed, and in periods not too long, and with _antithesis_. For by these means the ambiguity is taken away. And the more of these, namely, _metaphor_, _animation_, _antithesis_, _equality of members_, a period hath, the more graceful it is. _Similitudes_ grace an oration, when they contain also a _metaphor_. And _proverbs_ are graceful, because they are _metaphors_, or translations of words from one species to another.