The change of name, or _metonymy_, where the subject, or that which hath anything adjoined, is put for the thing adjoined, or adjunct. So the place is put for those, or that in the place: _set thine house in order_; that is, thy household matters. _It shall be easier for Sodom and Gomorrha_; that is, the people in Sodom and Gomorrha. So _Moses' chair_ is put for the _doctrine_ taught in _Moses' chair_. So _all Jericho and Jerusalem came out_; that is, all the men in Jericho and Jerusalem. So before, _sin_ was put for the _punishment of sin_. _Let his blood rest upon us and our children_; that is, the punishment which shall follow his death. So Christ said, _This is my body_; that is, a sign or sacrament of my body. _This wine is the new testament in my blood_; that is, a sign or seal of the new testament in my blood. So John saith, _I saw the Spirit descending in the likeness of a dove_; that is, the sign of the Spirit. On the other side, the adjunct is put for the thing to which it is adjoined. As Christ (1 Tim. i. 1) is called _our hope_; that is, on whom our hope did depend. So, _we are justified by faith_; that is, by Christ applied by faith. So, _love is the fulfilling of the law_; that is, those things to which it is adjoined. _Hope_ for the _things hoped for_; as Rom. viii. 24. So in the Epistle to the Ephesians, v. 16: _The days are evil_; that is, the manner, conversation, and deeds of men in the days. Hitherto the _metonymy_, or change of name. Now followeth the mocking speech, or _irony_. ========== CHAPTER II. The _mocking_ trope is, when one contrary is signified by another; as God said, _Man is like to one of us_. So Christ saith, _Sleep on_; and yet by-and-by, _Arise, let us go_. So Paul saith, _You are wise, and I am a fool_. This trope is conceived either by the contrariety of the matter, or the manner of utterance, or both. So Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, _Cry aloud_, &c. So the Jews said unto Christ, _Hail, King of the Jews!_ Hitherto appertaineth the passing by a thing, which yet with a certain elegance noteth it. So Philemon 19: _That I say not, thou owest thyself unto me_. Hitherto of the fineness of words which respect no division. Now followeth that which respecteth division, called _synechdoche_. A _synechdoche_ is when the name of the whole is given to the part; or the name of the part to the whole. And it is double. 1. When the whole is put for the member, and contrarily. 2. When the general, or whole kind, is put for the special; or contrarily. So St. John: _Not only for our sins, but for the sins of the whole world_. So righteousness, a member of goodness, is put for all goodness; so unrighteousness is put for all manner of sins.