The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
should say (coining words by your own power), that the same body might
take up sometimes a greater, sometimes a lesser place, by wallifaction
and wardensation, as by rarefaction and condensation. You see how
admirable this your objection is.
In the seventh objection you bewray another kind of ignorance, which is
the ignorance of what are the proper works of the several parts of
philosophy. “Though it were out of doubt,” say you, “that the same body
cannot have several magnitudes, yet seeing it is matter of natural
philosophy, nor hath anything to do with the present business, to what
purpose is it to mention it in a mathematical definition?” It seems by
this, that all this while you think it is a piece of the geometry of
Euclid, no less to make the definitions he useth, than to infer from
them the theorems he demonstrateth. Which is not true. For he that
telleth you in what sense you are to take the appellations of those
things which he nameth in his discourse, teacheth you but his language,
that afterwards he may teach you his art. But teaching of language is
not mathematic, nor logic, nor physic, nor any other science; and
therefore to call a definition, as you do, mathematical, or physical, is
a mark of ignorance, in a professor inexcusable. All doctrine begins at
the understanding of words, and proceeds by reasoning till it conclude
in science. He that will learn geometry must understand the terms before
he begin, which that he may do, the master demonstrateth nothing, but
useth his natural prudence only, as all men do when they endeavour to
make their meaning clearly known. For words understood are but the seed,
and no part of the harvest of philosophy. And this seed was it, which
Aristotle went about to sow in his twelve books of _metaphysics_, and in
his eight books concerning the hearing of _natural philosophy_. And in
these books he defineth time, place, substance or essence, quantity,
relation, &c., that from thence might be taken the definitions of the
most general words for principles in the several parts of science. So
that all definitions proceed from common understanding; of which, if any
man rightly write, he may properly call his writing _philosophia prima_,
that is, the seeds, or the grounds of philosophy. And this is the method
I have used, defining place, magnitude, and the other the most general
appellations in that part which I entitle _philosophia prima_. But you
now, not understanding this, talk of mathematical definitions. You will
say perhaps that others do the same as well as you. It may be so. But
the appeaching of others does not make your ignorance the less.