The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Against the fourteenth article, where I prove that the same body hath
always the same magnitude, you object nothing but this, _that though it
be granted, that the same body hath the same magnitude, while it
resteth, yet I bring nothing to prove that when it changeth place, it
may not also change its magnitude by being enlarged or contracted_.
There is no doubt but to a body, whether at rest or in motion, more body
may be added, or part of it taken away. But then it is not the same
body, unless the whole and the part be all one. If the schools had not
set your wit awry, you could never have been so stupid as not to see the
weakness of such objections. That which you add in the end of your
objections to this eighth chapter, _that I allow not Euclid this axiom
gratis, that the whole is greater than a part_, you know to be untrue.
At my eleventh chapter, you enter into dispute with me about the nature
of proportion. Upon the truth of your doctrine therein, and partly upon
the truth of your opinions concerning the definitions of a point, and of
a line, dependeth the question whether you have any geometry or none;
and the truth of all the demonstrations you have in your other books,
namely of the _Angle of Contact_ , and _Arithmetica Infinitorum_. Here I
say you enter, how you will get out, your reputation saved, we shall see
hereafter.
When a man asketh what proportion one quantity hath to another, he
asketh how great or how little the one is comparatively to, or in
respect of the other. When a geometrician prefixeth before his
demonstrations a definition, he doth it not as a part of his geometry,
but of natural evidence, not to be demonstrated by argument, but to be
understood in understanding the language wherein it is set down; though
the matter may nevertheless, if besides geometry he have wit, be of some
help to his disciple to make him understand it the sooner. But when
there is no significant definition prefixed, as in this case, where
Euclid’s definition of proportion, that it is a _whatshicalt habitude of
two quantities, &c._, is insignificant, and you allege no other, every
one that will learn geometry, must gather the definition from observing
how the word to be defined is most constantly used in common speech. But
in common speech if a man shall ask how much, for example, is six in
respect of four, and one man answer that it is greater by two, and
another that it is greater by half of four, or by a third of six, he
that asked the question will be satisfied by one of them, though perhaps
by one of them now, and by the other another time, as being the only man
that knoweth why he himself did ask the question. But if a man should
answer, as you would do, that the proportion of six to two is of those
numbers a certain quotient, he would receive but little satisfaction.
Between the said answers to this question, how much is six in respect of
four? there is this difference. He that answereth that it is more by