The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
At the seventh article, where I define both an _angle_, simply so
called, and an _angle of contingence_, by their several generations;
namely, that the former is generated _when two straight lines are
coincident, and one of them is moved, and distracted from the other by
circular motion upon one common point resting, &c._; you ask me “_to
which of these kinds of angle I refer the angle made by a straight line
when it cuts a crooked line_?” I answer easily and truly, To that kind
of angle which is called simply an angle. This you understand not. “For
how”, will you say, “can that angle which is generated by the divergence
of two straight lines, be other than rectilineal? or how can that angle
which is not comprehended by two straight lines, be other than
curvilineal?” I see what it is that troubles you; namely, the same which
made you say before, that if the body which describes a line be a point,
then there is nothing which is not moved that can be called a point. So
you say here, “If an angle be generated by the motion of a straight
line, then no angle so generated can be curvilineal;” which is as well
argued, as if a man should say, the house was built by the carriage and
motion of stone and timber, therefore, when the carriage and that motion
is ended, it is no more a house. Rectilineal and curvilineal hath
nothing to do with the nature of an angle simply so called, though it be
essential to an angle of contact. The measure of an angle, simply so
called, is a circumference of a circle; and the measure is always the
same kind of quantity with the thing measured. The rectitude or curvity
of the lines, which drawn from the centre, intercept the arch, is
accidentary to the angle, which is the same, whether it be drawn by the
motion circular of a straight line or of a crooked. The diameter and the
circumference of a circle make a right angle, and the same which is made
by the diameter and the tangent. And because the point of contact is
not, as you think, nothing, but a line unreckoned, and common both to
the tangent and the circumference; the same angle computed in the
tangent is rectilineal, but computed in the circumference, not
rectilineal, but mixed: or, if two circles cut one another, curvilineal.
For every chord maketh the same angle with the circumference which it
maketh with the line that toucheth the circumference at the end of the
chord. And, therefore, when I divide an angle, simply so called, into
rectilineal and curvilineal, I respect no more the generation of it,
than when I divide it into right and oblique. I then respect the
generation, when I divide an angle into an angle simply so called, and
an angle of contact. This that I have now said, if the reader remember
when he reads your objections to this, and to the ninth article, he will
need no more to make him see that you are utterly ignorant of the nature
of an angle; and that if ignorance be madness, not I, but you, are mad: