[Footnote 70: _e. g._ φυσιογονική (p. 9 Cr.), κοπιαταὶ (p. 86), ἰχθυοκόλλα (p. 103), ἀρχανθρώπος (p. 153), ἀπρονοήτος (p. 176), κλεψιλόγος (p. 370), πρωτογενέτειρα (p. 489), κατιδιοποιούμενος (p. 500), ἀδίστακτος (p. 511), ταρταρούχος (p. 523).] [Footnote 71: p. 35 _infra_.] [Footnote 72: p. 166 _infra_.] [Footnote 73: II, p. 99 _infra_.] [Footnote 74: II, pp. 177 ff.] [Footnote 75: See Augustine’s sermon in _Hypatia_.] [Footnote 76: p. 33 _infra_.] [Footnote 77: p. 83 _infra_.] [Footnote 78: II, p. 2 _infra_.] [Footnote 79: II, p. 99 _infra_.] [Footnote 80: II, p. 175 _infra_.] [Footnote 81: See pp. 122, 133, 134, 135, 137, 142, 143 _infra_.] [Footnote 82: p. 154 _infra_.] [Footnote 83: p. 178 _infra_.] [Footnote 84: II, p. 102.] [Footnote 85: II, p. 109.] [Footnote 86: See _Forerunners_, I, lxi ff.] [Footnote 87: This applies to the chief Peratic author quoted. The long catalogue connecting personages in the Greek mythology with particular stars is, as is said later, by another hand, and is introduced by a bombastic utterance like that attributed to Simon Magus.] [Footnote 88: Hippolytus attributes it to the Orphics; but see de Faye for another explanation.] [Footnote 89: _Forerunners_, II, 49.] [Footnote 90: Justinus is left out of the account because he does not seem to have been an Ophite at all. The Serpent in his system is entirely evil, and therefore not an object of worship, and his sect is probably much later than the other three in the same book.] [Footnote 91: _Acts of Paul and Thekla_, _passim_.] [Footnote 92: E. A. T. Wallis Budge, _Miscellaneous Coptic Texts in Dialect of Upper Egypt_, London, 1915, pp. 579 ff.] BOOK I[1] THE PHILOSOPHERS [Sidenote: p. 1, Cruice.] These are the contents[2] of the First Part[3] of the Refutation of all Heresies; What were the tenets of the natural philosophers and who these were; and what those of the ethicists and who these were; and what those of the dialecticians and who the dialecticians were. Now the natural philosophers mentioned are Thales, Pythagoras, Empedocles, Heraclitus, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Archelaus, Parmenides, Leucippus, Democritus, Xenophanes, Ecphantus, and [Sidenote: p. 2.] Hippo. The ethicists are Socrates, pupil of Archelaus the physicist and Plato, pupil of Socrates. These mingled together the three kinds of philosophy. The dialecticians are Aristotle, pupil of Plato and the founder of dialectics, and the Stoics Chrysippus and Zeno. Epicurus, however, maintained an opinion almost exactly contrary to all these. So did Pyrrho the Academic[4] who asserts the incomprehensibility of all things. There are also the Brachmans[5] among the Indians, the Druids among the Celts, and Hesiod. (PROÆMIUM)