Philosophumena; or, The refutation of all heresies, Volume I — David Hume — John Shaqi
Philosophumena; or, The refutation of all heresies, Volume I
David Hume · en
Some again say that Plato declared God to be one, unbegotten and
imperishable, as he says in the _Laws_:--“God, [Sidenote: p. 34.]
therefore, as the old story goes, holds the beginning and end and
middle of all things that are.”[108] Thus he shows Him to be one
through His containing all things. But others say that Plato thought
that there are many gods without limitation[109] when he said, “God
of gods, of whom I am the fashioner and father.”[110] And yet others
that he thinks them subject to limitation when he says: “Great Zeus,
indeed, driving his winged chariot in heaven;”[111] and when he gives
the pedigree[112] of the children of Uranos and Gê. Others again that
he maintained the gods to be originated and that because they were
originated they ought to perish utterly, but that by the will of God
they remain imperishable as he says in the passage before quoted, “God
of gods, of whom I am the fashioner and father, and who are formed
by my will indissoluble.” So that if He wished them to be dissolved,
dissolved they would easily be. But he accepts the nature of demons,
and says some are good, and some bad.
And some say that he declared the soul to be unoriginated and
imperishable[113] when he says: “All soul is immortal for that which is
ever moving is immortal,” and when he shows that it is self-moving and
the beginning of movement. But others say that he makes it originated
but imperishable[114] through God’s will; and yet others composite and
originated and perishable. For he also supposes that [Sidenote: p.
35.] there is a mixing-bowl for it,[115] and that it has a splendid
body, but that everything originated must of necessity perish. But
those who say that the soul is immortal are partly corroborated by
those words wherein he says that there are judgments after death, and
courts of justice in the house of Hades, and that the good meet with
a good reward and that the wicked are subjected to punishments.[116]
Some therefore say that he also admits a change of bodies and the
transfer of different pre-determined souls into other bodies according
to the merit of each; and that after certain definite peregrinations
they are again sent into this ordered world to give themselves another
trial of their own choice. Others, however, say not, but that they
obtain a place according to each one’s deserts. And they call to
witness that he says some souls are with Zeus, but that others of
good men are going round with other gods, and that others abide in
everlasting punishments, (that is), so many as in this life have
wrought evil and unjust deeds.[117] And they say that he declared
some conditions to be [Sidenote: p. 36.] without intermediates, some
with intermediates and some to be intermediates. Waking and sleep are
without intermediates and so are all states like these. But there are
those with intermediates like good and bad; and intermediates like
grey which is between black and white or some other colour.[118] And