That is to say, the self is the sole source of all unity. As a pure and
original unity it precedes experience; to its synthetic activities all
conceptual unity is due; and by reflection upon the constancy of these
activities it comes to consciousness of its own identity.
“...even the purest objective unity, namely that of the _a priori_
concepts (space and time), is possible only through relation of
the intuitions to [transcendental apperception]. The numerical
unity of this apperception is therefore the _a priori_ condition of
all concepts, just as the manifoldness of space and of time is of
the intuitions of sensibility.”[769]
To this consciousness of the abiding unity of the self Kant also traces
the notion of the transcendental object. The latter, he would seem to
argue, is formed by analogy from the former.
“This object is nothing else than the subjective representation (of
the subject) itself, but made general, for I am the original of all
objects.”[770] “The mind, through its original and underived
thinking, is itself the pattern (_Urbild_) of such a
synthesis.”[771] “I would not represent anything as outside me, and
so make [subjective] appearances into objective experience if the
representations were not related to something which is parallel to
my ego, and so in that way referred by me to another subject.”[772]
These quotations from the _Lose Blätter_ would seem to contain the key
to Kant’s extremely enigmatic statement in A 105, that “the unity which
the object makes necessary can be nothing else than the formal unity of
consciousness in its synthesis of the manifold of its representations,”
and again in A 109, that “this relation [of representations to an
object] is nothing else than the necessary unity of consciousness.”[773]
But this does not complete the sum-total of the functions which Kant is
at this stage prepared to assign to apperception. It mediates our
consciousness of the transcendental object in still another manner,
namely, by rendering possible the formation of the _empirical_ concepts
which unify and direct its synthetic activities. This is, indeed, the
feature in which this form of the deduction diverges most radically from
all later positions. Space and time are, it would seem, regarded as
being the sole _a priori_ concepts.[774] The instruments through which
the unity of apperception acts, and through which the thought of an
object becomes possible, are _empirical_ concepts. Such general concepts
as “body” or “triangle” serve as rules constraining the synthetic
processes of apprehension and reproduction to take place in such
unitary fashion as is required for unitary consciousness. The notion of
objectivity is specified in terms of the necessities which these
empirical concepts thus impose.