An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2 — John Locke — John Shaqi
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
John Locke · en
To which I answer, that I doubt not but, without being written on their
hearts, many men may, by the same way that they come to the knowledge
of other things, come to assent to several moral rules, and be
convinced of their obligation. Others also may come to be of the same
mind, from their education, company, and customs of their country;
which persuasion, however got, will serve to set conscience on work;
which is nothing else but our own opinion or judgment of the moral
rectitude or gravity of our own actions; and if conscience be a proof
of innate principles, contraries may be innate principles; since some
men with the same bent of conscience prosecute what others avoid.
9. Instances of Enormities practised without Remorse.
But I cannot see how any men should ever transgress those moral rules,
with confidence and serenity, were they innate, and stamped upon their
minds. View but an army at the sacking of a town, and see what
observation or sense of moral principles, or what touch of conscience
for all the outrages they do. Robberies, murders, rapes, are the sports
of men set at liberty from punishment and censure. Have there not been
whole nations, and those of the most civilized people, amongst whom the
exposing their children, and leaving them in the fields to perish by
want or wild beasts has been the practice; as little condemned or
scrupled as the begetting them? Do they not still, in some countries,
put them into the same graves with their mothers, if they die in
childbirth; or despatch them, if a pretended astrologer declares them
to have unhappy stars? And are there not places where, at a certain
age, they kill or expose their parents, without any remorse at all? In
a part of Asia, the sick, when their case comes to be thought
desperate, are carried out and laid on the earth before they are dead;
and left there, exposed to wind and weather, to perish without
assistance or pity. It is familiar among the Mingrelians, a people
professing Christianity, to bury their children alive without scruple.
There are places where they eat their own children. The Caribbees were
wont to geld their children, on purpose to fat and eat them. And
Garcilasso de la Vega tells us of a people in Peru which were wont to
fat and eat the children they got on their female captives, whom they
kept as concubines for that purpose, and when they were past breeding,
the mothers themselves were killed too and eaten. The virtues whereby
the Tououpinambos believed they merited paradise, were revenge, and
eating abundance of their enemies. They have not so much as a name for
God, and have no religion, no worship. The saints who are canonized
amongst the Turks, lead lives which one cannot with modesty relate. A
remarkable passage to this purpose, out of the voyage of Baumgarten,
which is a book not every day to be met with, I shall set down at
large, in the language it is published in.