WHEN CANADA WAS NEW FRANCE BY GEORGE H. LOCKE CHIEF LIBRARIAN OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, TORONTO [Illustration] _Love of country is born of a knowledge of its institutions, its traditions and history wherein are revealed the lives of its people and their heroic achievements._ WITH SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS PUBLISHED AT THE END OF THE GREAT WAR BY TORONTO: J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD. PARIS: J. M. DENT ET FILS 1919 COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY J. M. DENT & SONS Published September, 1919 [Illustration: THE LANDING OF THE CANADIANS IN FRANCE, 1915.] CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 7 I. CARTIER AND THE ST. LAWRENCE 13 II. CHAMPLAIN AND THE GREAT LAKES 25 III. JOLIET, MARQUETTE AND THE RIVER OF A HUNDRED THOUSAND STREAMS 40 IV. LA SALLE AND THE GREATER NEW FRANCE 48 V. RADISSON AND THE GREAT NORTH WEST 59 VI. MONTCALM AND THE FALL OF NEW FRANCE 72 VII. PONTIAC AND THE LAST HOPE OF INDIAN SUPREMACY 82 VIII. THE GRAY GOWNS AND THE BLACK 96 IX. THE IROQUOIS AND THE HURONS 111 X. THE COUREUR-DES-BOIS AND THE VOYAGEUR 126 XI. THE SEIGNIOR AND THE HABITANT 134 XII. STORIES WHICH ILLUSTRATE REFERENCES IN THIS BOOK. 143 XIII. POEMS WHICH ILLUSTRATE REFERENCES IN THIS BOOK. 151 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS THE LANDING OF THE CANADIANS IN FRANCE, 1914 _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE SENECA HUNTER GROUP 16 THE RETURN OF THE WARRIORS 34 COUNCIL OF THE TURTLE CLAN 68 THE CAYUGA FALSE FACE CEREMONY 86 THE CORN HARVEST 104 TYPICAL IROQUOIS INDUSTRIES 122 INTRODUCTION.