When this state of affairs was brought to the attention of King Louis XIV., who was genuinely interested in the colony, he cancelled the charter of the company, and in 1663 New France was made a crown colony under a governor who represented the dignity and military power of the Crown, an Intendant, who was something more than a Minister of the Crown and less than a Governor, and who looked after the details of government, and the Bishop who as head of the church shared the problems of government in this triumvirate. While much depended upon the Governor, much more to help or hinder progress was in the power of the Intendant, and the colony was very fortunate in the earliest years in having such a capable man as Talon, just as we shall find she was equally unfortunate in the last years in having Bigot, a corrupt holder of that office. It is interesting to notice that the two holders of this office who are of such prominence as to be remembered in anything other than name, were the first and the last, to the one the colony owing much of the stability of government, to the latter much that led to the loss to France of her greatest colony. Talon was the real organizer of the seigniorial system and was perhaps the most capable man who ever administered the affairs of the colony. On his own farm on the St. Charles River he gave this country the first scientific farming, rude as it was in that early time, and this was the first of the model farms which we think of as comparatively modern institutions. He encouraged ship-building at Quebec by actually building ships; he distributed looms in the farmhouses that the settler might be independent in the matter of clothing, a very important matter in a country with such a climate; and he built a tannery that the precious commodity of leather might be available for protection of men and equipment of beast. Under the Intendant in the actual working out of the Government came the seigniors, and hence the real social and political life of the colony. True, it was before the governor in the Chateau St. Louis in Quebec, seated upon the throne under the clustered white flags stamped with the golden lilies of France, the seignior appeared and on bended knee presented his homage and oath of allegiance, but it was with the Intendant that he transacted his business, and it was the report of the Intendant to the King of France which the neglectful seignior had cause to fear. The Home Government at once undertook to help emigration and the Council of New France gave seigniories with a lavish and not always discriminating hand. During this century of royal rule there were about three hundred seigniories granted. In size these differed greatly but practically nothing could be called by that name which had not at least a dozen square miles. This land the seignior was expected to have surveyed into farms and to place settlers upon them.