It is hoped that the book will also be useful in Colleges, Ladies’ Seminaries, High Schools, Academies, Preparatory and Normal Schools, to candidates for teachers’ examinations and Civil Service examinations, and to all who wish for any reason to review the leading facts of the English Language and Literature. Only the most salient features of the language have been described, and minor details have been left for the teacher to fill in. The utmost clearness and simplicity have been the aim of the writer, and he has been obliged to sacrifice many interesting details to this aim. The study of English Grammar is becoming every day more and more historical-- and necessarily so. There are scores of inflections, usages, constructions, idioms, which cannot be truly or adequately explained without a reference to the past states of the language-- to the time when it was a synthetic or inflected language, like German or Latin. The Syntax of the language has been set forth in the form of RULES. This was thought to be better for young learners who require firm and clear dogmatic statements of fact and duty. But the skilful teacher will slowly work up to these rules by the interesting process of induction, and will-- when it is possible-- induce his pupil to draw the general conclusions from the data given, and thus to make rules for himself. Another convenience that will be found by both teacher and pupil in this form of _rules_ will be that they can be compared with the rules of, or general statements about, a foreign language-- such as Latin, French, or German. It is earnestly hoped that the slight sketches of the History of our Language and of its Literature may not only enable the young student to pass his examinations with success, but may also throw him into the attitude of mind of Oliver Twist, and induce him to “ask for more.” The Index will be found useful in preparing the parts of each subject; as all the separate paragraphs about the same subject will be found there grouped together. J. M. D. M. CONTENTS. PART III. Page The English Language, and the Family to which it belongs 193 The Periods of English 198 History of the Vocabulary 202 History of the Grammar 239 Specimens of English of Different Periods 250 Modern English 258 Landmarks in the History of the English Language 266 PART IV. History of English Literature 271 Tables of English Literature 367 Index 381 PART III. THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION.