crowded into the English language; but many of them were doomed to speedy expulsion. Thus words like _discerptibility_, _supervacaneousness_, _septentrionality_, _ludibundness_ (love of sport), came in in crowds. The verb _intenerate_ tried to turn out _soften_; and _deturpate_ to take the place of _defile_. But good writers, like Bacon and Raleigh, took care to avoid the use of such terms, and to employ only those Latin words which gave them the power to indicate a new idea-- a new meaning or a new shade of meaning. And when we come to the eighteenth century, we find that a writer like Addison would have shuddered at the very mention of such “inkhorn terms.” 40. +Eye-Latin and Ear-Latin.+-- (i) One slight influence produced by this spread of devotion to classical Latin-- to the Latin of Cicero and Livy, of Horace and Virgil-- was to alter the spelling of French words. We had already received-- through the ear-- the French words _assaute_, _aventure_, _defaut_, _dette_, _vitaille_, and others. But when our scholars became accustomed to the book-form of these words in Latin books, they gradually altered them-- for the eye and ear-- into _assault_, _adventure_, _default_, _debt_, and _victuals_. They went further. A large number of Latin words that already existed in the language in their Norman-French form (for we must not forget that French is Latin “with the ends bitten off”-- changed by being spoken peculiarly and heard imperfectly) were reintroduced in their original Latin form. Thus we had +caitiff+ from the Normans; but we reintroduced it in the shape of +captive+, which comes almost unaltered from the Latin _captivum_. +Feat+ we had from the Normans; but the Latin _factum_, which provided the word, presented us with a second form of it in the word +fact+. Such words might be called +Ear-Latin+ and +Eye-Latin+; +Mouth-Latin+ and +Book-Latin+; +Spoken Latin+ and +Written Latin+; or Latin at second-hand and Latin at first-hand. 41. +Eye-Latin and Ear-Latin.+-- (ii) This coming in of the same word by two different doors-- by the Eye and by the Ear-- has given rise to the phenomenon of +Doublets+. The following is a list of +Latin Doublets+; and it will be noticed that Latin1 stands for Latin at first-hand-- from books; and Latin2 for Latin at second-hand-- through the Norman-French. LATIN DOUBLETS OR DUPLICATES. LATIN. LATIN1. LATIN2.