A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive, 7th Edition, Vol. I — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive, 7th Edition, Vol. I
John Stuart Mill · en
better; and sometimes in deference to that aversion to admit new words,
which induces mankind, on all subjects not considered technical, to
attempt to make the original stock of names serve with but little
augmentation to express a constantly increasing number of objects and
distinctions, and, consequently, to express them in a manner
progressively more and more imperfect.
To what a degree this loose mode of classing and denominating objects
has rendered the vocabulary of mental and moral philosophy unfit for the
purposes of accurate thinking, is best known to whoever has most
meditated on the present condition of those branches of knowledge.
Since, however, the introduction of a new technical language as the
vehicle of speculations on subjects belonging to the domain of daily
discussion, is extremely difficult to effect, and would not be free from
inconvenience even if effected, the problem for the philosopher, and one
of the most difficult which he has to resolve, is, in retaining the
existing phraseology, how best to alleviate its imperfections. This can
only be accomplished by giving to every general concrete name which
there is frequent occasion to predicate, a definite and fixed
connotation; in order that it may be known what attributes, when we call
an object by that name, we really mean to predicate of the object. And
the question of most nicety is, how to give this fixed connotation to a
name, with the least possible change in the objects which the name is
habitually employed to denote; with the least possible disarrangement,
either by adding or subtraction, of the group of objects which, in
however imperfect a manner, it serves to circumscribe and hold together;
and with the least vitiation of the truth of any propositions which are
commonly received as true.
This desirable purpose, of giving a fixed connotation where it is
wanting, is the end aimed at whenever any one attempts to give a
definition of a general name already in use; every definition of a
connotative name being an attempt either merely to declare, or to
declare and analyse, the connotation of the name. And the fact, that no
questions which have arisen in the moral sciences have been subjects of
keener controversy than the definitions of almost all the leading
expressions, is a proof how great an extent the evil to which we have
adverted has attained.