CHAPTER IV. _Of the Laws of Mind._ § 1. What is meant by Laws of Mind 432 2. Is there a science of Psychology? 433 3. The principal investigations of Psychology characterized 435 4. Relation of mental facts to physical conditions 440 CHAPTER V. _Of Ethology, or the Science of the Formation of Character._ § 1. The Empirical Laws of Human Nature 445 2. --are merely approximate generalizations. The universal laws are those of the formation of character 447 3. The laws of the formation of character cannot be ascertained by observation and experiment 449 4. --but must be studied deductively 454 5. The Principles of Ethology are the _axiomata media_ of mental science 455 6. Ethology characterized 459 CHAPTER VI. _General Considerations on the Social Science._ § 1. Are Social Phenomena a subject of Science? 461 2. Of what nature the Social Science must be 463 CHAPTER VII. _Of the Chemical, or Experimental, Method in the Social Science._ § 1. Characters of the mode of thinking which deduces political doctrines from specific experience 466 2. In the Social Science experiments are impossible 468 3. --the Method of Difference inapplicable 469 4. --and the Methods of Agreement, and of Concomitant Variations, inconclusive 471 5. The Method of Residues also inconclusive, and presupposes Deduction 472 CHAPTER VIII. _Of the Geometrical, or Abstract Method._ § 1. Characters of this mode of thinking 476 2. Examples of the Geometrical Method 478 3. The interest-philosophy of the Bentham school 479 CHAPTER IX. _Of the Physical, or Concrete Deductive Method._ § 1. The Direct and Inverse Deductive Methods 486 2. Difficulties of the Direct Deductive Method in the Social Science 489 3. To what extent the different branches of sociological speculation can be studied apart. Political Economy characterized 492 4. Political Ethology, or the science of national character 497 5. The Empirical Laws of the Social Science 500 6. The Verification of the Social Science 502 CHAPTER X. _Of the Inverse Deductive, or Historical Method._