A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2)
John Stuart Mill · en
This form of definition is the most precise and least equivocal of any;
but it is not brief enough, and is besides too technical and pedantic for
common discourse. The more usual mode of declaring the connotation of a
name, is to predicate of it another name or names of known signification,
which connote the same aggregation of attributes. This may be done either
by predicating of the name intended to be defined, another connotative
name exactly synonymous, as, “Man is a human being,” which is not commonly
accounted a definition at all; or by predicating two or more connotative
names, which make up among them the whole connotation of the name to be
defined. In this last case, again, we may either compose our definition of
as many connotative names as there are attributes, each attribute being
connoted by one; as, Man is a corporeal, organized, animated, rational
being, shaped so and so; or we may employ names which connote several of
the attributes at once, as, Man is a rational _animal_, shaped so and so.
The definition of a name, according to this view of it, is the sum total
of all the _essential_ propositions which can be framed with that name for
their subject. All propositions the truth of which is implied in the name,
all those which we are made aware of by merely hearing the name, are
included in the definition, if complete, and may be evolved from it
without the aid of any other premisses; whether the definition expresses
them in two or three words, or in a larger number. It is, therefore, not
without reason that Condillac and other writers have affirmed a definition
to be an _analysis_. To resolve any complex whole into the elements of
which it is compounded, is the meaning of analysis; and this we do when we
replace one word which connotes a set of attributes collectively, by two
or more which connote the same attributes singly, or in smaller groups.