Dionysius Byzantius. See Gyllius, _De Bosporo Thracio_, ii. c. 2; cf. _ibid._, _De Top. CP._, i. c. 10. Footnote 34: _Paschal Chron._, pp. 494, 495; cf. Malalas, p. 345; _Notitia, ad Reg. II._ Footnote 35: _Notitia, ad Regiones, IV., V., VI._ In the first tower south of Saouk Tchesmè Kapoussi, in the land wall of the Seraglio, is built a stone, inscribed with archaic Greek letters, which probably came from the Stadium. See _Proceedings of the Greek Literary Syllogos of Constantinople_, vol. xvi., 1885, _Archæological Supplement_, p. 3. Ἀπομά(χων) αἰχματ(ᾶν), σταδιοδ(ρόμων), ὁ τόπος ἄ(ρχεται). Footnote 36: Codinus, p. 76. Footnote 37: Hesychius Milesius, _Fragm. Hist. Græc._, iv. p. 149. Footnote 38: _Paschal Chron._, p. 619. Footnote 39: For buildings, etc., outside the limits of Byzantium, see _Anaplus_ of Dionysius Byzantius; Gyllius, _De Bosporo Thracio_, ii. c. 2, c. 5; Codinus, p. 30; Anonymus, iii. p 51. [Illustration: Inscription from the Stadium of Byzantium. (From _Broken Bits of Byzantium_, by kind permission of Mrs. Walker.)] CHAPTER II. THE CITY OF CONSTANTINE—ITS LIMITS—FORTIFICATIONS—INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT. In the year 328 of our era, Constantine commenced the transformation of Byzantium into New Rome by widening the boundaries of the ancient town and erecting new fortifications. On foot, spear in hand, the emperor traced the limits of the future capital in person, and when his courtiers, surprised at the compass of the circuit he set himself to describe, inquired how far he would proceed, he replied, “Until He stops Who goes before me.”[40] The story expresses a sense of the profound import of the work begun on that memorable day. It was the inauguration of an epoch. We shall endeavour to determine the limits assigned to the city of Constantine. The data at our command for that purpose are, it is true, not everything that can be desired; they are often vague; at other times they refer to landmarks which have disappeared, and the sites of which it is impossible now to identify; nevertheless, a careful study of these indications yields more satisfactory results than might have been anticipated under the circumstances.